<p>Coconut improvement programs require knowledge of the effect of morphological characters on the coconut yield. The study aimed to determine the effects of fourteen morphological characters on the production of coconut meat character on Kampung Laut and Pengabuan tall coconut. This study was conducted in Kampung Laut and Pengabuan Villages, Jambi Province. Correlation analysis among 15 characters of vegetative, generative, and fruit components used the Walpole formula (1992). Fourteen characters affecting meat production were analyzed by using Path analysis of Singh and Chaudary formula following the R i386 3.5.2 software package in the Agricole package. Correlation analysis resulted in the characters of the number of leaves, number of bunches, number of fruits, polar circumference of fruit, weight of unhusked fruit, equatorial circumference of nut, and weight of endosperm correlated with the production of endosperm, on Kampung Laut tall coconut, while Pengabuan tall coconut have number of fruits, equatorial circumference of nut, and weight of endosperm. The results of path analysis showed that the characters of the number of bunches, number of fruits, and weight of endosperm had a significant direct effect on the production of endosperm on the Kampung Laut tall coconut. While on the Pengabuan tall coconut, only the fruits number and endosperm weight affected the endosperm production. The study indicates that the number of bunches, number of fruits, and weight of endosperm can be used as selection criteria to increase the production of the endosperm of the Kampung Laut and Pangabuan tall coconut.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Morphological characters, correlation, fruit components, selection</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Program perbaikan tanaman kelapa membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang pengaruh karakter morfologi terhadap hasil. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung 14 karakter morfologi terhadap produksi daging buah kelapa Dalam Pengabuan dan kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut asal Propinsi Jambi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kampung Laut, Tanjung Jabung Timur dan Desa Pengabuan, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Propinsi Jambi pada tahun 2017. Analisis korelasi antar 15 karakter vegetatif, generatif, dan komponen buah menggunakan rumus Walpole (1992). Analisis sidik lintas 14 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter produksi daging buah per pohon per tahun, menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Kedua analisis tersebut menggunakan program <em>software </em>R i386 3.5.2 <em>package Agricole</em>. Hasil Analisis korelasi menunjukkan karakter-karakter jumlah daun, jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, lingkar polar buah utuh, bobot buah tanpa sabut, lingkar equatorial biji, dan bobot daging buah berkorelasi dengan produksi daging buah, untuk kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut, sedangkan untuk kelapa Dalam Pengabuan adalah jumlah buah, lingkar equatorial biji, dan bobot daging buah. Hasil analisis lintas menunjukkan bahwa karakter jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, dan bobot daging buah berpengaruh langsung secara nyata terhadap karakter produksi daging buah untuk kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut, sedangkan untuk kelapa Dalam Pangabuan hanya dua karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap produksi daging buah, yaitu karakter jumlah buah dan bobot daging buah. Hasil penelitian mengindikasika bahwa karakter jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, dan bobot daging buah dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk peningkatan produksi daging buah kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut dan kelapa Dalam Pengabuan.</p><p><strong>Kata kunc</strong>i: karakter morfologi, korelasi, komponen buah, produksi kelapa, seleksi.</p>
Kelapa merupakan tanaman menyerbuk terbuka sehingga konstitusi genetik beragam. Kebutuhan kelapa meningkat seiring meningkatnya pertambahan penduduk sedangkan lahan untuk penanaman kelapa semakin berkurang sehingga diperlukan varietas unggul untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tersebut yaitu dengan kelapa hibrida. Perakitan kelapa hibrida perlu mempertimbangkan tetua yang akan disilangkan sehingga dapat memunculkan heterosis yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tetua betina yang berdaya hasil tinggi berdasarkan karakter komponen buah sehingga menghasilkan hibrida yang superior. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Mapanget Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma pada bulan April 2019. Bahan genetik yang digunakan yaitu Kelapa Genjah Merah Malaysia (GMM), Kelapa Genjah Kuning Malaysia (GKM), Kelapa Genjah Kuning Nias (GKN), Kelapa Hibrida Indonesia 1 (Khina 1), Kelapa Hibrida Indonesia 2 (Khina 2), Kelapa Hibrida Indonesia 3 (Khina 3) dengan dilakukuan pengamatan komponen buah sebanyak 5 sampel dari masing-masing perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Karakter berat buah utuh, lingkar polar dengan sabut, lingkar ekuator dengan sabut, berat buah tanpa sabut, lingkar ekuator tanpa sabut, berat buah tanpa air, berat air, dan berat daging buah kelapa genjah merah malaysia paling tinggi dibanding perlakuan lain sehingga Genjah Merah Malaysia dapat dijadikan sebagai tetua untuk perakitan varietas hibrida unggul baru.
<p>Weight of endosperm in Pindolili Tall coconut showed the high of coefficient variance at 20.25% with an average weight of endosperm is 494.17 g. A high diversity in the characters is influenced by several factors such as the correlation between some nut components either directly or indirectly. This study aims to determine the correlation among fruit components characters of Pindolili Tall coconut as well as the direct and indirect effects of some characters of fruit component to the weight of fruit meat (endosperm). The study was conducted in the village of Pindolili, Lolak District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency North Sulawesi in April 2016 using observation methods. Observations fruit components was performed on 30 nuts taken from 30 randomly selected palm in Pindolili’s High Yielding Block. Path analysis among eight characters the fruit component with weight of endosperm using a formula of Singh and Chaudary. The results of the path analysis showed that an association between the four characters of the fruit components with weight of endosperm (WE), namely weight of nut (WN) (r = 0.3878), polar girth of dehusked nut (PGDN) (r = -0.5913), equatorial girth of dehusked nut (EGDN) (r = 0.7916), and weight of nut without water (WNWW) (r = 0.4474), while the characters of polar girth of nut (PGN) and equatorial girth of nut (EGN) provides indirectly affect on the weight of endosperm character. The benefits of this research result is selection can be done by raising the standard components that are positively correlated (WN, EGDN, and WNWW) and lowering that are negatively correlated (PGDN) to raise the weight of the endosperm. Selection of fruit as seed sources is expected to increase Pindolili Tall coconut productivity.</p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 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Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="
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