Coconut plantations with new system of planting distance allow wider use of distance under the coconut than the conventional planting distance. Evaluation stability ofMapanget coconut (DMT) and KHINA hybrid coconut at various planting distance systems can be used as a recommendation for the development of coconuts with new planting distance in the most suitable environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of the yields of DMT and KHINA grown with various distance models for five years observation. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment design consistsof 8 treatments with 2 replications, in the Mapanget Experimental Garden, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that the combined analysis variance was significantly different (F < 0.05) both GXE interaction for the number of fruits, while the character number of bunches is not different. The results of AMMI Biplot showed that Khina coconut with the most stable distance of 9 x 9 m followed by Khina coconut with a distance of 5x16 for land use under coconut plants with intercropping suggested using a distance of 5x16 m.
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Keragaman komponen seleksi yang berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan berbunga dan produksi buah kelapa Genjah Salak <br /> belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode penyerbukan dalam peningkatan produktivitas <br /> kelapa Genjah Salak dengan menghitung heritabilitas tiga belas karakter vegetatif dan generatif yang berkaitan langsung <br /> atau tidak langsung dengan produksi buah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Paniki, Manado, Sulawesi Utara, <br /> dari 2011 sampai 2014, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, tiga perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri <br /> atas tiga sistem penyerbukan, yaitu penyerbukan sendiri (full sib), penyerbukan terkendali (half sib) dan penyerbukan <br /> alami (open pollination). Tiga belas karakter yang diukur adalah tinggi batang, lingkar batang, jumlah bekas daun, jumlah <br /> daun, panjang daun, panjang petiole, jumlah anak daun, panjang anak daun, jumlah tandan, jumlah spikelet, jumlah <br /> bunga betina, kecepatan berbunga, dan jumlah buah per tandan. Analisis heritabilitas menggunakan rumus Singh dan <br /> Chaudary. Analisis sidik lintas mengacu pada metoda matriks Singh dan Chaudary. Kelapa Genjah Salak dengan sistem <br /> penyerbukan sendiri memiliki waktu berbunga 34,74 bulan dan tinggi batang 51,75 cm, lebih baik dibandingkan dengan <br /> kelapa Genjah Salak yang menyerbuk terkendali (waktu berbunga 35,99 bulan; tinggi batang 52,51 cm) dan penyerbukan <br /> alami (waktu berbunga 36 bulan; tinggi batang 56,76 cm). Nilai heritabilitas pada kelapa Genjah Salak menyerbuk <br /> sendiri yang berkorelasi langsung dengan karakter hasil adalah tinggi batang (r = 0,383; h2 = 84,0%), jumlah bekas daun <br /> (r = 0,442; h2 = 63,0 %), dan jumlah bunga betina (r = 0,344; h2 = 75,0%). Metode terbaik untuk meningkatkan produk-<br /> tivitas kelapa Genjah Salak adalah dengan sistem penyerbukan sendiri karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi dan <br /> berkorelasi langsung dengan karakter hasil.</p><p>Kata kunci: Heritabilitas, koefisien sidik lintas, sistim penyerbukan, kelapa Genjah Salak.</p><p> </p><p>Heritability and Path Analysis on Vegetative and Generative Characters of Salak Dwarf Coconut Generated from Three Pollination System </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>The diversity of Salak Dwarf components that can be used as a criterion of selection affecting the rate of flowering and yield have not been investigated. The research aims to obtain the best method of pollination in improvement of Salak dwarf coconut productivity by calculating the heritability of thirteen vegetative and generative characters. Twelve characters attributed to the production of fruits were investigated. The research was arranged in a randomized block design with three pollination system as the treatments, four replications, conducted at the Paniki Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi, from 2011 until 2014. Treatments consisted of self-pollination system (full sib), controlled pollination system (half sib) and open pollination system. Thirteen characters measured were stem height, girth of stem, number of leaf scars, number of leaves, leaf length, petiole length, number of leaflets, length of leaflet, number of bunches, number of spikelet, number of female flowers, day of flowering, and number of fruit per bunch. Analysis of heritability using the formula of Singh and Chaudary. Path coefficient analysis using matrix model by Shing and Chaudary. Salak dwarf coconut with self-pollination system has better effect of rate of flowering (34.74 month), and height of stem (51.75 cm) compared to the salak dwarf coconut with controlled pollination (rate of flowering 35.99 months; height of stem 52.51 cm) and Salak dwarf coconut with open pollination (rate flowering 36 months; height of stem 56.76 cm). To improve the productivity of Salak dwarf coconut, the best method of pollination is self-pollinated. Heritability value on self-pollinate of Salak dwarf coconut which correlates directly with the character of yield was the height of stem (r =0.383; h2=84.0%), the number of leafscars (r =0.442; h2=63.0%), and the number of female flowers (r =0344; h2=75.0%). The best method to increase the productivity of Salak dwarf coconut through self pollination since it has high heritability values and correlates directly with the character of yield.</p>Keywords : Heritability, coefficient of path analysis, pollination systems, salak dwarf coconut.
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Sagu baruq merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat yang diambil dari batang. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah seleksi produksi pati pada </span><span style="font-size: medium;">setiap pohon. Banyak atau sedikitnya produksi pati akan diketahui setelah pohon ditebang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi genetik plasma nutfah sagu baruq, terutama untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan produksi pati, yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan seleksi tetua. Salah satu alat yang bisa digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi ini adalah metode sidik lintas. Karakter yang diamati adalah tinggi batang, jumlah daun, panjang rachis, panjang dan lebar petiol, panjang, lebar, dan jumlah anak daun, serta berat batang, empulur, dan pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengacu pada metode Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan tahun 2005. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis koefisien korelasinya untuk mengetahui hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan berat tepung sebagai komponen hasil. Perhitungan koefisien lintas mengacu pada metode matriks oleh Singh dan Chaudari. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat enam karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat tepung dan dapat dijadikan seleksi peningkatan </span><span style="font-size: medium;">produksi pati sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah. Sementara itu, di Manganitu, <br /> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">terdapat sembilan karakter yang dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman. Selain pengaruh langsung, dihasilkan juga 12 pengaruh tidak langsung yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai kriteria seleksi populasi sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah dan 10 pengaruh tidak langsung untuk Manganitu.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Kata kunci: Arenga macrocarpha, hubungan, karakter vegetatif, produksi pati</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Relationship Between Vegetative Characters an d SagoBaruq Starch Production From Sangihe District </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Baruq sagu is an important source of carbohydrate from the stem, constrain in cultivation was difficulty in selecting high yield plants. The experiment was conducted at the District Tabukan Tengah and Manganitu Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi in May 2012. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic information for germplasm of sago Baruq, especially to determine the correlation between vegetative characters and the production of starch, which later can be used as the selection of mother palms. One of the tools that can be used to obtain this information was the method of path analysis. Research methods used was direct observation in the field. The number of plants observed for each site 1 0 trees, which were randomly selected. Characters observed were plant height, number of leaves, rachis length, length of petiol, petiol width, length of the leaf, width of leaf, number of leaves, stems weight, pith weight, and weight of starch. The collected data were analyzed to determine the direct and indirect relationship between vegetative characters and weight of starch using path analysis. The result showed that 10 vegetative characters of Baruq sago population in Tabukan Tengah District, Sangihe regency produced six characters directly influence the character of the starch weight and can be used as selection criteria to increasing production of baruq sago starch. Meanwhile, in District Manganitu 9 characters can be used as selection criteria for crop improvement. In addition to the direct effects, 12 indirect effects can be considered as a selection criteria for sago baruq population in District Tabukan Tengah and 10 indirect effects for the population baruq sago in the District Manganitu.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>Keywords: Arenga macrocarpha , relationships, vegetative character, starch production
“Cungap” red (CR) coconut is an exotic coconut that has specific characters, i.e. the husk contains high antioxidant components. The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of CR coconut (husk, kernel, and water). Tender and mature CR coconut fruits were collected from farmers at Sukarena Village, Ciomas District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. The mature nuts were evaluated for the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, protein, ash, fat and fatty acids profile). Vitamins and minerals were measured from the young coconut water. Anthocyanin and β-carotene were analysed from the tender nuts (husk, meat, and water). The results showed that CR kernel contained 8.35% of water, 2.02% of ash, 7.13% of protein, and 60.09% of fat. The medium-chain fatty acids were mainly from the coconut kernel fat (52.55%). Lauric acid was the major fatty acid (45.89%). The Majority of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) contained in the coconut water; potassium content was the highest (289.95 mg/100 ml). The β-carotene content in the husk and kernel were 18.43/100g and 1.28 mg/100g, respectively. Also, the anthocyanin contents in the husk, kernel, and coconut water were 8.01 mg/100 g, 1.5 mg/100 g, and 0.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The study implies that CR coconut is potential as anthocyanin, β-carotene, and mineral sources for human health.
The main content of coconut kernels are fats and fatty acids as well as protein and amino acids, and these contents vary among the varieties. This variation of amino acids and fatty acids also occurs in Indonesian tall coconut varieties. The objective of this study was to characterize amino and fatty acids content of Indonesian tall coconut varieties, namely Mapanget Tall, Palu Tall, Bali Tall, Tenga Tall, Selayar Tall, OdeskaLobu Tall, Babasal Tall, and Mastutin Tall. This study was conducted in Manado and Bogor from 2014 - 2019 by using an observational method. The results showed that the coconut kernel has eight types of non-essential amino acids and eight types of essential amino acids. Palu Tall has the highest amino acid content: alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine. Mapanget Tall has the highest contents of caprylic, capric, and lauric fatty acids, each with 9.04, 6.71, and 53.67 %, respectively. The result of this study can be used to develop varieties to obtain coconuts with high essential amino acids and fatty acids for the production of VCO, desiccated coconut, and other raw food materials.
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