Background Understanding how knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding leprosy differ in endemic countries can help us develop targeted educational and behavioural change interventions. This study aimed to examine the differences and commonalities in and determinants of knowledge, attitudes, practices and fears regarding leprosy in endemic districts in India and Indonesia. Principle findings A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was used. Persons affected by leprosy, their close contacts, community members and health workers were included. Through interview-administered questionnaires we assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices and fears with the KAP measure, EMIC-CSS and SDS. In addition, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. The quantitative data were analysed using stepwise multivariate regression. Determinants of knowledge and stigma that were examined included age, gender, participant type, education, occupation, knowing someone affected by leprosy and district. The qualitative data were analysed using open, inductive coding and content analysis. We administered questionnaires to 2344 participants (46% from India, 54% from Indonesia) as an interview. In addition, 110 participants were interviewed in-depth and 60 participants were included in focus group discussions. Knowledge levels were low in both countries: 88% of the participants in India and 90% of the participants in Indonesia had inadequate knowledge of leprosy. In both countries, cause, mode of transmission, early symptoms and contagiousness of leprosy was least known, and treatment and treatability of leprosy was best known. In both countries, health workers had the highest leprosy knowledge levels and community members the highest stigma levels (a mean score of up to 17.4 on the EMIC-CSS and 9.1 on the SDS). Data from the interviews indicated that people were afraid of being infected by leprosy. Local beliefs and misconceptions differed, for instance that leprosy is in the family for seven generations (Indonesia) or that leprosy is a result of karma (India). The determinants of leprosy knowledge and stigma explained 10–29% of the variability in level of knowledge and 3–10% of the variability in level of stigma. Conclusion Our findings show the importance of investigating the perceptions regarding leprosy prior to educational interventions in communities: even though knowledge levels were similar, local beliefs and misconceptions differed per setting. The potential determinants we included in our study explained very little of the variability in level of knowledge and stigma and should be explored further. Detailed knowledge of local knowledge gaps, beliefs and fears can help tailor health education to local circumstances.
There are three factors that has significant role in the organization of Islamicboarding school system. Those are, management as the factor of efforts, theorganization as the factor of Facility, and the administration as the factor ofintention. These three factors give direction and cohesion in defining, controlling,organizing, supervising and assessing the implementation of the policies in aneffort to organize educational activities in accordance with the aim of every Islamicboarding school.One of the components of management in an effort to Islamic boarding schoolis financial management. Financial management of the Islamic boarding school isan activity undertaken in order to achieve the purpose of boarding schools that hadplanned to develop and manage resources and sources of funding and the potentialheld in the boarding school system effectively and efficiently. This activity can bestarted from the planning, organizing, implementing up to scrutiny. In thefinancial management at the school began with budget planning up to monitoringand financial accountability.Financial management of the Islamic boarding school is one of the substancesmanagement of educational institutions which will in turn determine the smoothoperation of the Islamic boarding school. As the case on the substance of educationin general management, financial management activities of the boarding schoolshould be done through the process of planning, organizing, directing,coordinating, monitoring or controlling. Some activities such as financialmanagement and assign an activity to obtain funding sources, utilization of funds,reporting, inspection and accountability.AbstrakAda tiga faktor yang berperan dalam sistem penyelenggaraan PondokPesantren yaitu, manajemen sebagai faktor upaya, organisasi sebagai faktorSarana, dan administrasi sebagai faktor karsa. Ketiga faktor ini memberiarah dan perpaduan dalam merumuskan, mengendalikan,penyelenggaraan, mengawasi serta menilai pelaksanaan kebijakankebijakan dalam usaha menyelenggarakan kegiatan pendidikan yangsesuai dengan tujuan setiap Pondok Pesantren.Salah satu komponen manajemen sebagai upaya dalam pondokpesantren adalah manajemen keuangan. Manajemen keuangan pondokpesantren merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan guna mencapai tujuanpondok pesantren yang telah direncanakan dengan mengembangkan danmengelola sumber daya dan sumber dana serta potensi-potensi yangdimiliki dalam sistem pondok pesantren secara efektif dan efisien. Kegiatanini dapat dimulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan sampaidengan pengawasan. Dalam manajemen keuangan di sekolah tersebutdimulai dengan perencanaan anggaran sampai dengan pengawasan danpertanggung jawaban keuangan.Manajemen keuangan pondok pesantren merupakan salah satusubstansi manajamen lembaga pendidikan yang akan turut menentukankelancaran kegiatan pondok pesantren. Seperti halnya yang terjadi padasubstansi manajemen pendidikan pada umumnya, kegiatan manajemenkeuangan pondok pesantren seyogyanya dilakukan melalui prosesperencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengkoordinasian,pengawasan atau pengendalian. Beberapa kegiatan manajemen keuanganberupa kegiatan memperoleh dan menetapkan sumber-sumber pendanaan,pemanfaatan dana, pelaporan, pemeriksaan dan pertanggung jawaban.
The purpose of this study was to build an understanding of the influence of utilitarian values and hedonic values on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at hypermarket in Pamekasan Regency, Jawatimur Province, Indonesia. Type of research is Explanatory Research. Data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The number of samples was 250 consumers and data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS software. The results of this study indicate utilitarian value and hedonic value have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty and Demographic variables have a significant differences on each variable partially.
Media sosial telah menjadi perhatian bagi semua orang termasuk akademisi, terutama karena fleksibilitas nya sebagai alat komunikasi. Sejalan dengan itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran media sosial dalam menunjang kinerja dan popularitas institusi pendidikan tinggi. Kami menggunakan data jumlah postingan, viewer, follower, dan subscriber pada masing-masing media sosial yang dikelola oleh perguruan tinggi dan menganalisisnya menggunakan regresi untuk melihat hubungannya dengan kinerja dan popularitas pendidikan tinggi di Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adopsi sosial tweeter dan YouTube berdampak pada kinerja pendidikan tinggi yaitu jumlah mahasiswa. Kami juga menemukan bahwa peningkatan jumlah visitor pada website resmi institusi pendidikan tinggi dipengaruhi oleh jumlah postingan, viewer, dan follower pada akun media sosial Facebook, Instagram, dan tweeter. Dilihat dari perspektif manajemen strategis, kami melihat adanya peluang bagi universitas untuk mengelola media sosialnya secara efektif. Hal tersebut Akan memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan popularitas di dunia maya dan kinerja institusi.
The use of information technology is increasingly popular, one of which is the internet. With the use of the internet, it automatically provides great opportunities for the development of the digital economy in society. Internet users in Indonesia in 2020 reached 196.7 million people, this number has increased by around 25.5 million users compared to 2019. This is a huge potential, when viewed from the marketing potential. This becomes attractive for MSME players to make sales online or through e-commerce. The use of ecommerce for MSME players requires support and policies from the government to continue to develop. This is necessary to protect and prevent unfair business competition. This researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the role of government. The results of the research show that the role of the government in the development of MSMEs in Sumenep Regency has been going well. This can be seen from the efforts made by the government to develop MSMEs through e-commerce. These efforts have had a huge impact on the development of MSMEs through e-commerce. This can be seen from the ease of licensing, business development, capital assistance and expansion of market share.
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