Objectives Certain symptoms and signs are culturally specific. 'Hie' (chill sensation) is a major symptom experienced by Japanese people; however, it is not easily understood by Westerners. Although Hie is not lifethreatening, it greatly hampers the quality of life in sufferers. To develop a remedy for Hie, valid and reliable measures are required. This is the first study aimed at developing a standardized questionnaire to quantitatively measure Hie symptom. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. To identify question items, we conducted a literature search using published books that mention Hie and related symptoms. The first draft of the questionnaire was prepared by selecting 31 items, including three empirically used items, using the Delphi method. A total of 744 Japanese volunteers completed the draft questionnaire. Simple correlation and factor analyses were performed to select items for the final version of Hie questionnaire and for evaluating its test-retest reliability. Results The following ten question items were ultimately selected: feeling a breeze, shivery feeling, tolerance, sensitivity to cold, Hie-like sensation in an airplane, dislike of air conditioning, use of gloves, use of an electric blanket, use of heavy clothing and need for heating devices. Of the ten Hie-related question items, five pertained to physical symptoms and the other five to daily behaviours. The internal consistency of the ten-item questionnaire was high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was preserved by the paired two-tailed t test. Conclusions A new questionnaire was developed to evaluate the subjective symptom of Hie. This questionnaire demonstrated sufficient reliability and could be used as a tool to assess this symptom.
Cystic Adventitial Degeneration of the Femoral Vein: Report of a CaseA case with cystic adventitial degeneration of the femoral vein was reported. A 48-year-old female visited our outpatient clinic complaining of swelling of her left lower extremity. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a cystic mass of the left groin which compressed the femoral vein. Superficial femoral artery is also compressed by the cyst lateral to the femoral vein. Phlebogram showed that venous flow in the femoral vein was interrupted by the cyst, with development of collateral vessels. We diagnosed that the femoral vein was thrombosed by its cystic adventitial degeneration. Elective operation was performed. We found that the cyst was on the anterior wall of the femoral vein. Fenestration of the cyst was first performed. Its content was yellow, mucinous substance. Exploration with venotomy and balloon catheter revealed that the femoral vein was not occluded with the thrombus, but was competently obstructed by the cyst. Her postoperative course was uneventful.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.