Objective To examine whether eating until full or eating quickly or combinations of these eating behaviours are associated with being overweight. Design and participants Cross sectional survey. Setting Two communities in Japan. Results 571 (50.9%) men and 1265 (58.4%) women self reported eating until full, and 523 (45.6%) men and 785 (36.3%) women self reported eating quickly. For both sexes the highest age adjusted mean values for height, weight, body mass index, and total energy intake were in the eating until full and eating quickly group compared with the not eating until full and not eating quickly group. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio of being overweight for eating until full was 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.53 to 2.62) for men and 1.92 (1.53 to 2.40) for women and for eating quickly was 1.84 (1.42 to 2.38) for men and 2.09 (1.69 to 2.59) for women. The multivariable odds ratio of being overweight with both eating behaviours compared with neither was 3.13 (2.20 to 4.45) for men and 3.21 (2.41 to 4.29) for women. Conclusion Eating until full and eating quickly are associated with being overweight in Japanese men and women, and these eating behaviours combined may have a substantial impact on being overweight.
Objective: To investigate long-term trends in dietary intakes of vitamins A, C and E in Japanese adults. 1974-1977 to 1998-2000. In Kyowa, mean intake of vitamin A, primarily retinol, increased by 13-21 % among men and women; vitamin C from fruits decreased by 16 % among men; and vitamin E increased by 29 % among women from 1982-1986 to 1998-2001. Mean intake of vitamin E in the latest survey period was lower than the Adequate Intake among men and women in both communities. Generally, there were increased intakes of b-carotene and vitamin C from green/yellow and other vegetables; increased retinol intake from fish/shellfish, eggs, milk/dairy products and fats/oils; and increased vitamin E intake from green/yellow and other vegetables, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk/dairy products and fats/oils. Conclusions: Mean intakes of the antioxidant vitamins A, C and E increased among middle-aged Japanese men and women between the 1970s and the 1990s except for decreased vitamin C among Kyowa men. The lower mean intake of vitamin E than the Adequate Intake should be considered a potential public health issue for the prevention of CVD.
This study aimed to assess the factor structure and validity of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) in Japanese samples. A sample of 348 Japanese university students (196 men, 152 women) and 170 adults from the community (50 men, 120 women) completed a questionnaire including the CSM, the Diurnal Type Scale (DTS) and questions regarding sleeping and waking times. Four measurement models were compared, and a two-factor measurement model with Morningness/Time of day preference (α = 0.78) and Morning Affect/Alertness (α = 0.80) factors yielded the closest fit. Both Morningness/Time of day preference and Morning Affect/Alertness were positively correlated with DTS score. Morningness/Ttime of day preference was negatively correlated with the midpoint of sleep on weekdays and free days. The measurement model was invariant across the university and community groups. The community group, which was older, was characterized by greater morningness. The results provide evidence of the validity of the Japanese CSM, thus opening up the possibility of including Japanese samples in cross-cultural research on morningness.
\s=b\A patient with recurrent meningitis had spontaneous CSF leakage from the fistula of the stapedial footplate. The patient was a 7-year-old boy with profuse CSF otorrhea, proved by myringotomy. A roentgenographic examinatioin and computed tomography scan of the temporal bone demonstrated an abnormal bony labyrinth. During the operation, a leak was found at the fistula of the stapedial footplate. Surgical obliteration of the fistula with temporal muscle and fascia has prevented the recurrence of meningitis. (Arch Otolaryngol 1983;109:697-700) Cerebrospi nal fluid otorrhea can be caused by skull fracture, surgi¬ cal trauma, inflammation (ie, otitis media associated with cholesteato¬ ma), tumor, or congenital malforma¬ tion.1 Cases of spontaneous CSF otor¬ rhea are very rarely seen. In the present study, a patient with episodes of recurrent meningitis who had an abnormality of the stapes and the inner ear is described.A 7-year-old boy was first seen at the Hiroshima University Hospital on July 2, 1981, at which time he was in good health and had no abnormality in his extremities and trunk. He was born after a full-term healthy pregnancy, during which his moth¬ er took no medication. His development, both mentally and physically, had been commensurate with his age. There was no history of head trauma or family history of hearing loss. His first bout of pneumococcal meningitis developed at the age of 16 months, in June 1975, and he subsequently suffered from five more recurrences in a five-year period. , with acute men¬ ingitis and treated with ampicillin and made an uneventful recovery at each attack of meningitis at another hospital. The organism cultured from the CSF on each bout was found to be a pneumococcus.There was no acute otitis media preceding each meningitis. At the time of the last recurrence, the patient's mother noticed that he had a clear liquid running from the right nostril and that he complained of an earache in his right ear. The patient was not aware of any tinnitus or vertigo at any time. Pentetate indium disodium In 111 cisternography demonstrated a CSF leak from the region of the face. He was there¬ fore transferred to our clinic under suspi¬ cion of a case of CSF rhinorrhea.Examination of the ears revealed that the right tympanic membrane was opaque without discoloration or bulging. The left ear was normal. An audiogram showed complete sensorineural hearing loss on the right and a type C tympanogram was recorded in the same ear (Fig 1). No nys¬ tagmus was observed and the caloric stim¬ ulation showed no response on the right side, while the left ear showed a normal response. The nose and throat were normal but, on bending the head forward, the slow steady stream was running from the right nostril and a sugar reduction test of the fluid was positive.The roentgenogram of the sinuses was normal, but the roentgenogram of the tem¬ poral bone (Schüller's view) showed wellpneumatized mastoid air cells bilaterally and an increase in density on the right side (Fig 2). In Stenvers projection, the ...
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