To investigate differences in helper T cell immune responses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS), we measured CSF levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-a and interferon-c at the time of relapse in 17 NMO patients and 21 MS patients using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CSF IL-6 levels were significantly higher in NMO patients than in patients with MS (P = 0.001) and other neurological diseases (P = 0.001). The other cytokines tested were undetectable. Elevated CSF levels of IL-6 in only NMO supports the view of different pathophysiologies of NMO and MS. CSF IL-6 levels may be useful in the differential diagnosis of the two disorders.
Study DesignControlled laboratory study.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored at room temperature (RT), frozen, or after freeze-drying.Overview of LiteraturePRP enriches tissue repair and regeneration, and is a novel treatment option for musculoskeletal pathologies. However, whether biological activity is preserved during PRP storage remains uncertain.MethodsPRP was prepared from blood of 12 healthy human volunteers (200 mL/person) and stored using three methods: PRP was stored at RT with shaking, PRP was frozen and stored at −80℃, or PRP was freeze-dried and stored at RT. Platelet counts and growth factor content were examined immediately after preparation, as well as 2, 4, and 8 weeks after storage. Platelet activation rate was quantified by flow cytometry.ResultsPlatelet counts were impossible to determine in many RT samples after 2 weeks, but they remained at constant levels in frozen and freeze-dried samples, even after 8 weeks of storage. Flow cytometry showed approximately 80% activation of the platelets regardless of storage conditions. Almost no growth factors were detected in the RT samples after 8 weeks, while low but significant expression was detected in the frozen and freeze-dried PRP. Over time, the mean relative concentrations of various growth factors decreased significantly or disappeared in the RT group. In the frozen group, levels were maintained for 4 weeks, but decreased significantly by 8 weeks (p <0.05). The freeze-dried group maintained baseline levels of growth factors for the entire 8-week duration.ConclusionsFreeze-drying enables PRP storage while maintaining bioactivity and efficacy for extended periods.
As a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation, the use of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) has become routine and comparable to that of the use of bone marrow. Recently, elderly patients with hematological malignancies also have been allowed to receive minitransplantations with nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens under sufficient PBSC infusion. As a result of these minitransplantations, elderly donors have been chosen increasingly from the siblings of elderly patients. We analyzed factors influencing the condition of CD34+ cells in the first days of collection in 49 healthy donors from July 1995 to January 2001. The median dose of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was 8 g/kg/day (range 8 ∼ 10) over 3 days. The target number of CD34+ cells used in this study was м 3 × 10 6 cells/kg of recipient body weight. The median apheresis volume was 12 L. Except for one 60 year old man, we obtained an adequate number of stem cells. In the regression analysis, a negative correlation was seen between donor age and the number of CD34+ cells/kg of recipient body weight per 12 L volume (Y ס aX + b; a ס −0.07507; b ס 6.629996; r ס −0.50985; p ס 0.000252). Significantly higher apheresis results were obtained in donors younger than 45 years compared with donors 45 years old and older (p < 0.0227). There were no correlations among the number of CD34+ cells, donor body weight, and the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood on the first day of apheresis. Key Words: CD34 positive cells-Donor age-Peripheral blood stem cell.Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collected by apheresis are increasingly being used along with bone marrow for transplantation (1-3). With regard to the use of PBSCs for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, additional issues must be considered, such as the safety of healthy donors during apheresis. The second that must be considered is the most appropriate schedule for PBSC mobilization and harvesting. In addition, the number of elderly donors has recently increased due to the widespread use of minitransplantation (4,5). There are various reports suggesting that donor age affects the yield of PBSCs (6-10) while at the same time there are reports suggesting the opposite (11)(12)(13). It is necessary to plan transplantations and PBSC harvests adequately. In an attempt to better understand the factors influencing the mobilization and collection of CD34+ cells in healthy donors, we have analyzed the yields of CD34+ cells from 49 donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Donor characteristics and apheresisA total of 49 consecutive healthy donors were included in this study (23 men, 26 women) from July 1995 to January 2001. Written informed consent was obtained from every donor before they underwent the procedure. The donors who had complications (e.g., hypertension and hyperlipidemia) were excluded. Apheresis was performed through peripheral venous access for all donors. The median age of the subjects w...
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