Objective: To investigate the incidence of renal cell carcinoma, classified by sex, age group and region in Japan, following a 5-year interval after a previous survey performed in 1997. Methods:The survey was conducted between the beginning of January 2002 and the end of December 2002. A total of 1288 institutions in all 47 prefectures throughout Japan were requested to register cases. Results: There were 7405 persons with renal cell carcinoma, consisting of 5063 males and 2342 females. Crude incidence rates were 8.2 and 3.6 per 100 000 population for men and women, respectively. Incidence rates in the Hokkaido region were highest followed by the Shikoku region. Conclusions: Despite incidence of renal cell carcinoma increasing to 7405 from the 6358 persons in 1997, statistical data reported by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare indicate that rising age-adjusted death rate for this tumor reached a ceiling in the past decade. Early detection may have contributed to this current trend; however, further epidemiological research is required to fully elucidate this. Key words: epidemiology, incidence, Japan, renal cell carcinoma. IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively common tumor, accounting for approximately 3% of adult malignancies.1 Currently, increased use of imaging procedures during routine medical check-ups or by chance during follow-up examination for other diseases provides increased discovery of this carcinoma in its early stages.2 This disease is best treated by surgical removal with an excellent survival rate if found early. However, once the disease has become metastatic or recurrent, it has a poor prognosis with median survival time of 10 months, 3 even after cytokine therapy using interferon or interleukin-2 with a global response rate of 15%. 4 A previous nationwide study to investigate prevalence of RCC in 1997 showed 6358 persons with a diagnosis of RCC (4372 men and 1986 women).5 After an interval of 5 years since the previous study, the present study was conducted with the approval of the Scientific Committee of the Japanese Urological Association, to investigate the change in incidence of RCC and obtain some insight into developing strategies for treatment of RCC. Methods Description of registered patientsThe survey was conducted on RCC diagnosed between the beginning of January 2002 and the end of December 2002. Patients with clinically diagnosed RCC, for whom pathological diagnosis had not been made, were included; however, patients pathologically diagnosed to not be RCC (i.e. transitional cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, nonepithelial tumors or others) were excluded from the study. All contributing institutions were asked to exclude patients treated elsewhere prior to visiting the institutions included in this study, to avoid possible duplicate registrations. Data collectionRegistration was requested from 1306 general hospitals and clinics in 47 prefectures in Japan, with at least one full-time urologist on their staff. These institutions included 102 medical university h...
We studied the serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D (Vit D)] in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 (Vit D3) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) during carcinogenesis. The serum Vit D levels were measured by a competitive protein-binding assay using the chromatographic method. Using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, noncytotoxic concentrations of Vit D3 and the tumor promoters N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) were tested against cultured human renal proximal tubular cells (HRPTCs). GJIC function was assayed by the scrape-loading dye transfer technique. Cx43 mRNA expression was also examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum Vit D levels in patients with RCC were lower than those in controls (p< 0.001). Patients with T3 to T4 (rapid-growth) tumors had lower levels of Vit D than did patients with T1 to T2 (slow-growth) tumors (p < 0.001). Vit D3 enhanced the GJIC function of HRPTCs (p < 0.05), whereas NDMA and EHEN suppressed it (p < 0.05). When the cells were treated with tumor promoters and Vit D3 simultaneously, the GJIC functions remained at pretreatment levels. We also demonstrated Cx43 mRNA expression in RPTECs treated with EHEN and VitD3 simultaneously. These data suggest that a decrease in the serum Vit D level is one of the risk factors for development and progression of RCC, and Vit D3 may prevent RCC by preserving GJIC during carcinogenesis.
Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of renal cell carcinoma by sex, age group and different regions in Japan. Methods:The survey was conducted from the beginning of January 1997 to the end of December 1997. A total of 1306 Institutions in all 47 prefectures throughout Japan were requested to register cases.Results: There were 6358 persons with renal cell carcinoma, consisting of 4372 men and 1986 women. The age-specific incidence rates showed a peak in the age group of 65-70 years in both men and women. The crude incidence rates per 100 000 population for men and women were 7.1 and 3.1, respectively, and age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 population for men and women were 4.9 and 1.8, respectively. The incidence rates in the Hokkaido region were significantly higher than in other regions (P < 0.05), among which there was no significant difference in incidence rates. Conclusions:The present study showed that the incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma in Japan were approximately the same as among Japanese in Los Angeles. The rates were, however, lower than North American and European countries, but higher than China, Central or South American countries and African countries. The reasons for the high incidence of renal cancer in the Hokkaido region are not entirely clear. Further epidemiologic research is required.
These results suggest that VD agents may be effective as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma, especially when micrometastases are involved.
Abstract:We report a case of primary low-grade lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising from the kidney in a 30-year-old man with an abdominal mass in the right flank detected by ultrasonography. Radical nephrectomy was performed under a preliminary diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The final histological diagnosis was MALT-type lymphoma. To the best of our knowledge, only five reports of primary MALT-type lymphoma in the kidney have been published in the literature so far. All cases were surgically treated and only one case went on to chemotherapy postoperatively.
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