Spheroids are three-dimensional cellular models with widespread basic and translational application across academia and industry. However, methodological transparency and guidelines for spheroid research have not yet been established. The MISpheroID Consortium developed a crowdsourcing knowledgebase that assembles the experimental parameters of 3,058 published spheroid-related experiments. Interrogation of this knowledgebase identified heterogeneity in the methodological setup of spheroids. Empirical evaluation and interlaboratory validation of selected variations in spheroid methodology revealed diverse impacts on spheroid metrics. To facilitate interpretation, stimulate transparency and increase awareness, the Consortium defines the MISpheroID string, a minimum set of experimental parameters required to report spheroid research. Thus, MISpheroID combines a valuable resource and a tool for three-dimensional cellular models to mine experimental parameters and to improve reproducibility.
Forced external rotation is hypothesized as the key mechanism of syndesmotic ankle injuries, inducing a three‐dimensional deviation from the normal distal tibiofibular joint (DTFJ) alignment. However, current diagnostic imaging modalities are impeded by a two‐dimensional assessment, without considering ligamentous stabilizers. Therefore, our aim is threefold: (1) to construct an articulated statistical shape model of the normal DTFJ with the inclusion of ligamentous morphometry, (2) to investigate the effect of weight‐bearing on the DTFJ alignment, and (3) to detect differences in predicted syndesmotic ligament length of patients with syndesmotic lesions with respect to normative data. Training data comprised non‐weight‐bearing CT scans from asymptomatic controls (N = 76), weight‐bearing CT scans from patients with syndesmotic ankle injury (N = 13), and their weight‐bearing healthy contralateral side (N = 13). Path and length of the syndesmotic ligaments were predicted using a discrete element model, wrapped around bony contours. Statistical shape model evaluation was based on accuracy, generalization, and compactness. The predicted ligament length in patients with syndesmotic lesions was compared with healthy controls. With respect to the first aim, our presented skeletal shape model described the training data with an accuracy of 0.23 ± 0.028 mm. Mean prediction accuracy of ligament insertions was 0.53 ± 0.12 mm. In accordance with the second aim, our results showed an increased tibiofibular diastasis in healthy ankles after weight‐bearing. Concerning our third aim, a statistically significant difference in anterior syndesmotic ligament length was found between ankles with syndesmotic lesions and healthy controls (p = 0.017). There was a significant correlation between the presence of syndesmotic injury and the positional alignment between the distal tibia and fibula (r = 0.873, p < 0,001). Clinical Significance: Statistical shape modeling combined with patient‐specific ligament wrapping techniques can facilitate the diagnostic workup of syndesmosic ankle lesions under weight‐bearing conditions. In doing so, an increased anterior tibiofibular distance was detected, corresponding to an “anterior open‐book injury” of the ankle syndesmosis as a result of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament elongation/rupture.
PurposeForced external rotation is hypothesized as the key mechanism of syndesmotic ankle injuries. This complex trauma pattern ruptures the syndesmotic ligaments, inducing a three-dimensional deviation from the normal distal tibiofibular joint configuration. However, current diagnostic imaging modalities are impeded by a two-dimensionalassessment, without taking into account ligamentous stabilizers. Therefore, our aim is two-fold: (1) to construct an articulated statistical shape model of the normal ankle with inclusion of ligamentous morphometry and (2) to apply this model in the assement of a clinical cohort of paient with syndesmotic ankle injuries.Methods Three-dimensional models of the distal tibiofibular joint were analyzed in asymptomatic controls (N= 76; Mean age 63 +/- 19 years),patients with syndesmotic ankle injury (N = 13; Mean age 35 +/- 15 years), and their healthy contralateral equivalent (N = 13). Subsequently, the statiscal shape model was generated after aligning all ankles based on the distal tibia. The position of the syndesmotic ligaments was predicted based on previously validated iterative shortest path calculation methodology. Evaluation of the model was described by means of accuracy, compactness and generalization. Canonical Correlation Analysis was performed to assess the influence of syndesmotic lesions on the distal tibiofibular joint congruency.ResultsOur presented model contained an accuracy of 0.23 +/- 0.028 mm. Mean prediction accuracy of ligament insertions was 0.53 +/- 12 mm. A statistically significant difference in anterior syndesmotic distance was found between ankles with syndesmotic lesions and healthy controls (95% CI [ 0.32 , 3.29], p = 0.017). There was a significant correlation between presence of syndesmotic injury and the morphological distal tibiofibular configuration (r = 0.873, p <0,001). ConclusionIn this study, we constructed a bony and ligamentous statistical model representing the distal tibiofibular joint Furthermore, the presented model was able to detect an elongation injury of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament after traumatic syndesmotic lesions in a clinical patient cohort.
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