Apoptosis plays an important role in the treatment of cancer, and targeting apoptosis-related molecules in ovarian cancer (OC) is of great therapeutic value. Melatonin (Mel) is an indoleamine displaying several anti-cancer properties and has been reported to modulate apoptosis signaling in multiple tumor subtypes. We investigated OC and the role of Mel therapy on the pro-apoptotic (p53, BAX, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and survivin) proteins in an ethanol (EtOH)-preferring rat model. To induce OC, the left ovary was injected directly with a single dose of 100 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene dissolved in 10 ml of sesame oil under the bursa. Right ovaries were used as sham-surgery controls. After developing OC, half of the animals received i.p. injections of Mel (200 mg/100 g BW per day) for 60 days. Body weight gain, EtOH consumption, and energy intake were unaffected by the treatments. Interestingly, absolute and relative OC masses showed a significant reduction after Mel therapy, regardless of EtOH consumption. To accomplish OC-related apoptosis, we first observed that p53, BAX, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were downregulated in OC tissue while Bcl-2 and survivin were overexpressed. Notably, Mel therapy and EtOH intake promoted apoptosis along with the upregulation of p53, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3. Fragmentation of DNA observed by TUNEL-positive nuclei was also enhanced following Mel treatment. In addition, Bcl-2 was downregulated by the EtOH intake and lower survivin levels were observed after Mel therapy. Taken together, these results suggest that Mel induce apoptosis in OC cells of EtOH-preferring animals.Key Words " ovarian cancer " melatonin " pro-apoptotic protein " anti-apoptotic protein

Objectives: to evaluate the relation between breastfeeding and postpartum weight reten-tion. Methods: this prospective cohort study involved 641 newborns and their mothers, followed up to twelve months postpartum. Data were collected from June 2015 to February 2017. In the first interview, we investigated data regarding socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obstetric history, weight, and gestational age of the infant at birth. Maternal weight and breastfeeding status were obtained at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum at the mother’s home. A descriptive analysis of maternal weight retention according to the lactation status was performed. Multiple linear regression models evaluated the effect on exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding duration on maternal weight retention at 6 and 12 months postpartum, considering potential confounders. Results: 512 and 490 mothers were evaluated at six months and at twelve months post-partum, and the mean weight retention was 1.79 (SD=5.52) and 1.69 (SD=6.69) kg, respectively. Regardless of the confounders, the mean postpartum weight reduction for each day of exclusive breastfeeding was 11 (CI95%= -0.019 to -0.003) and 16 grams (CI95%= -0.026 to -0.007) for 6 and 12 months, respectively. The total maternal breastfeeding duration had the same effect. Conclusions: longer periods of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding are associated with lower postpartum weight retention.

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Introdução: Inadequações alimentares no primeiro ano de vida são consideradas como problema global, destacando-se a introdução, na alimentação infantil, de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP), extremamente palatáveis e de baixo valor nutricional. Objetivo: Identificar diferenças sociodemográficas relacionadas à idade mediana de introdução de AUP no primeiro ano de vida em coorte de lactentes. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectiva que coletou dados sobre alimentação de 641 bebês mediante entrevistas presenciais e telefônicas ao longo do primeiro ano de vida. Na linha de base, foram obtidos dados socioeconômicos e demográficos. Os AUP foram agrupados segundo sua natureza, composição e finalidade de consumo. As idades medianas de início dos grupos de AUP foram estimadas por curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier, utilizando o teste de Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) e p<0,05 como valor crítico para determinar diferenças significativas nas idades medianas segundo variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: Mães não brancas introduziram biscoitos recheados, guloseimas e bebidas adoçadas ultraprocessadas 25 dias mais cedo do que as brancas; adolescentes ofereceram bebidas adoçadas ultraprocessadas e lácteos ultraprocessados 120 dias mais cedo do que adultas. Ausência de companheiro levou a menor idade mediana de introdução do grupo “margarina e requeijão”. Primíparas introduziram mais cedo bebidas adoçadas ultraprocessadas e produtos adoçados para adição ao leite (farinhas lácteas e achocolatados), com idades medianas de 190 e 290 dias, respectivamente. Conclusões: Houve diferenças sociodemográficas na idade de introdução de AUP, com resultados desfavoráveis aos lactentes cujas mães eram não brancas, adolescentes, primíparas e não viviam com companheiro.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43615