Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument to measure the concept of e-readiness in the context of online learning environment. A rigorous method of scale development was undertaken to achieve this purpose: conceptual model development, item generation, content validation, exploratory study, and confirmatory study. The results of a study conducted in university, specializing in online education, suggest that the e-learning readiness (ELR) is a five-dimensional construct, namely Self Competence, Self-Directed Learning, Motivation, Financial, and Usefulness. Further psychometric tests show a parsimonious ELR measure with support for convergent, discriminant and predictive validities. In addition, these results show that the second-order factor model is the better fitting for the e-learning readiness construct. Based on the results, it can be concluded this instrument is useful and appropriate is assessing e-learning readiness construct. The theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as directions for future research are discussed.
This research analyzed the effect of knowledge workers' psychological contract on organizational commitment and work satisfaction. Data was collected thru a questionnaire survey given to 517 randomly selected Chinese knowledge workers in two state-owned engineering research institutions. The questionnaire contained items about the demographic profile of the respondents, psychological contract, organizational commitment and work satisfaction. The last three items were answered using a Likert rating scale ranging from 1 to 5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Descriptive statistics of the information on demographics was done together with reliability analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression of the data on the last three items on the questionnaire. The two dimensions of psychological contract were found to have a significant positive correlation with organizational commitment and work satisfaction. The three dimensions of organizational commitment were found to have a significant positive correlation with work satisfaction. From the regression model it was found that the fulfillment of knowledge workers' psychological contract contributed to the development of increased organizational commitment which in turn contributed to increased knowledge workers' job satisfaction level. This research investigated further the application of psychological contract in Chinese context and bridges the literature gap on analyzing the effects of Chinese psychological contract on work satisfaction through organizational commitment.
A b s t r a c t This paper examines how World Wide Web (WWW) usage for procurement purposes affects corporate buyers' search costs and buying organizations' coordination costs and how it ultimately affects the efficient boundaries of buying organizations. The analysis is based on a model that integrates Transaction Costs Economics (TCE) (Williamson 1975(Williamson , 1985 and forces of electronic interconnections (Malone et al. 1987). Data collected from 110 corporate buyers from over 100 organizations doing business in a wide range of industries were used to test the validity of the proposed model. Findings show that WWW usage is associated with a reduction of buyers' search costs, which can give buying organizations the flexibility to increase their base of suppliers when such an increase fits their interest. No clear relationship was found between WWW usage and the reduction of coordination costs buying organizations face to integrate their value chain activities with those of their suppliers. Findings show however that a WWW-based reduction in coordination costs can give buying organizations the flexibility to outsource certain activities when such a move fits their interest. The TCE framework was used to identify the transactions most likely affected by these changes in buying organizations' boundaries.
Introduction: The global COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated challenges involving college students’ mental health and well-being. Some literature suggested developing online programs to address the pandemic’s impact on college students’ mental health and well-being. Thus, this study assessed if significant improvement in well-being among college students can be observed after introducing an online well-being program.Methods: The study utilized a quantitative methodology, mainly using a two-group pretest-posttest design on 178 college students in a private college and state university. The experimental group received 3 months of the well-being program while the control resumed their activities of daily living (ADL). The modified positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) profiler questionnaire was the primary evaluation instrument that measured the participants’ well-being. The first phase gathered the participants’ relevant profile and background, and the last phase concluded with the evaluation of the program. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.21.Results: Based on the post-evaluation PERMA scores, the experimental participants (M = 7.21, SD 1.70) did not differ much from the control (M = 7.07, SD = 1.55) according to a t-test t(176) = –1.07, p = 0.57 as computed using a two-sample independent t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The overall PERMA score description is normal functioning. The Pearson correlation of the experimental group’s pre-test and post-test scores (r(91) = 0.01, p = 0.904) and the control (r(83) = 0.04, p = 0.732) group did not indicate an evidence of a significant relationship.Conclusion: The results do not provide evidence of a significant difference and relationship between the experimental participants’ pre-test and post-test PERMA scores after the online well-being program.
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