La Grille de dépistage de la consommation problématique d’alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents (DEP-ADO) a été créée pour répondre aux besoins des milieux de pratique québécois. Cet article rapporte les résultats de deux études portant sur les qualités psychométriques de la DEP-ADO. Une première étude a révélé que l’outil était pertinent et possédait une très bonne validité d’apparence, tant auprès des intervenants que des jeunes. Une seconde étude a été menée auprès de 673 élèves de 14 à 17 ans provenant de trois écoles secondaires du Québec et de 64 jeunes inscrits dans des centres de réadaptation en toxicomanie pour évaluer la structure factorielle, la fidélité et la validité de l’outil. Les résultats indiquent que les qualités psychométriques de la DEP-ADO sont nettement satisfaisantes et se comparent avantageusement à celles constatées auprès des autres outils de repérage de la consommation abusive de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents (validité de construit, cohérence interne, fidélité test-retest et inter modes de passation, validité critériée concomitante). Fait intéressant, les analyses factorielles ont permis d’identifier, en plus d’un facteur global, trois facteurs dont le sens clinique est bien identifiable (consommation d’alcool et de cannabis, consommation d’autres drogues, conséquences de la consommation de substances psychoactives). Tout en confirmant de façon globale la validité et la fidélité de la version originale, l’étude a également permis d’y apporter des améliorations et d’ouvrir des perspectives nouvelles sur l’utilisation qui peut en être faite.The chart used to screen problem consumption of alcohol and drugs among adolescents (La Grille de dépistage de la consommation problématique d’alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents/DEP-ADO) was created to meet the needs of drug addiction centres in Quebec. This article reports on the results of two studies on the psychometric qualities of the DEP-ADO. The first demonstrated that the tool was pertinent and appeared to have excellent face validity, for practitioners as well as youth. The second study, involving 673 students from 14 to 17 years of age from three secondary schools in Quebec and 64 youth registered in drug addiction rehabilitation centres, was carried out to evaluate the factor pattern, reliability and the validity of the tool. The results indicated that the psychometric qualities of the DEP-ADO were clearly satisfactory and compare advantageously to those of other screening tools for abusive consumption of psychoactive substances among adolescents (construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest and intermodal execution reliability, concomitant criterion referenced validity). It is interesting that, in addition to an overall factor, the factorial analyses enabled the identification of three factors the clinical meaning of which was clearly identifiable (consumption of alcohol and cannabis, consumption of other drugs, consequences of the consumption of psychoactive substances). While generally confirming the v...
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–based mRNA delivery holds promise for the treatment of inherited retinal degenerations. Currently, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery is restricted to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller glia. LNPs must overcome ocular barriers to transfect neuronal cells critical for visual phototransduction, the photoreceptors (PRs). We used a combinatorial M13 bacteriophage–based heptameric peptide phage display library for the mining of peptide ligands that target PRs. We identified the most promising peptide candidates resulting from in vivo biopanning. Dye-conjugated peptides showed rapid localization to the PRs. LNPs decorated with the top-performing peptide ligands delivered mRNA to the PRs, RPE, and Müller glia in mice. This distribution translated to the nonhuman primate eye, wherein robust protein expression was observed in the PRs, Müller glia, and RPE. Overall, we have developed peptide-conjugated LNPs that can enable mRNA delivery to the neural retina, expanding the utility of LNP-mRNA therapies for inherited blindness.
Greater exposure to New Brunswick during medical training is associated with significantly better odds that doctors will be recruited to and retained in the province. Some effects are perceived for exposure during both undergraduate (most importantly in the final years) and postgraduate programmes.
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