A theoretical synthesis proposes that gender roles may amplify biological differences in reactions to alcohol, and that gender differences in drinking behavior may be modified by macrosocial factors that modify gender role contrasts.

La Grille de dépistage de la consommation problématique d’alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents (DEP-ADO) a été créée pour répondre aux besoins des milieux de pratique québécois. Cet article rapporte les résultats de deux études portant sur les qualités psychométriques de la DEP-ADO. Une première étude a révélé que l’outil était pertinent et possédait une très bonne validité d’apparence, tant auprès des intervenants que des jeunes. Une seconde étude a été menée auprès de 673 élèves de 14 à 17 ans provenant de trois écoles secondaires du Québec et de 64 jeunes inscrits dans des centres de réadaptation en toxicomanie pour évaluer la structure factorielle, la fidélité et la validité de l’outil. Les résultats indiquent que les qualités psychométriques de la DEP-ADO sont nettement satisfaisantes et se comparent avantageusement à celles constatées auprès des autres outils de repérage de la consommation abusive de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents (validité de construit, cohérence interne, fidélité test-retest et inter modes de passation, validité critériée concomitante). Fait intéressant, les analyses factorielles ont permis d’identifier, en plus d’un facteur global, trois facteurs dont le sens clinique est bien identifiable (consommation d’alcool et de cannabis, consommation d’autres drogues, conséquences de la consommation de substances psychoactives). Tout en confirmant de façon globale la validité et la fidélité de la version originale, l’étude a également permis d’y apporter des améliorations et d’ouvrir des perspectives nouvelles sur l’utilisation qui peut en être faite.The chart used to screen problem consumption of alcohol and drugs among adolescents (La Grille de dépistage de la consommation problématique d’alcool et de drogues chez les adolescents/DEP-ADO) was created to meet the needs of drug addiction centres in Quebec. This article reports on the results of two studies on the psychometric qualities of the DEP-ADO. The first demonstrated that the tool was pertinent and appeared to have excellent face validity, for practitioners as well as youth. The second study, involving 673 students from 14 to 17 years of age from three secondary schools in Quebec and 64 youth registered in drug addiction rehabilitation centres, was carried out to evaluate the factor pattern, reliability and the validity of the tool. The results indicated that the psychometric qualities of the DEP-ADO were clearly satisfactory and compare advantageously to those of other screening tools for abusive consumption of psychoactive substances among adolescents (construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest and intermodal execution reliability, concomitant criterion referenced validity). It is interesting that, in addition to an overall factor, the factorial analyses enabled the identification of three factors the clinical meaning of which was clearly identifiable (consumption of alcohol and cannabis, consumption of other drugs, consequences of the consumption of psychoactive substances). While generally confirming the v...

SHS exposure in motor vehicles may be associated with ND symptoms among young never-smokers. If replicated, this finding provides support for interventions that promote non-smoking in motor vehicles.

Objectives: To describe the issues encountered during the implementation of an indoor smoking ban in prison and its effects on self-reported tobacco use, perceived exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and perceived health status of inmates in Quebec's provincial correctional facilities. Methods: Quantitative data were obtained from 113 inmates in three provincial correctional facilities in the province of Quebec, Canada. Qualitative data were obtained from 52 inmates and 27 staff members. Participants were recruited through a self-selection process. Particular efforts were made to enrol proportions of men, women, smokers and non-smokers similar to those generally found among correctional populations. Results: Despite the indoor smoking ban, 93% of inmates who declared themselves smokers reported using tobacco products inside the correctional facilities and 48% did not report any reduction in their tobacco use. Only 46% of smokers declared having been caught smoking inside the facility, and more than half of them (58%) reported no disciplinary consequences to their smoking. A majority of inmates incarcerated before the implementation of the ban (66%) did not perceive a reduction of their exposure to SHS following the indoor ban. Enforcement issues were encountered during the implementation of the indoor ban, notably because of the amendment made to the original regulation (total smoking ban) and tolerance from smokers in the staff towards indoor smoking. They were also related to perceptions that banning indoor smoking is complex and poses management problems. Conclusion: This study's findings emphasize the importance of considering organizational and environmental factors when planning the implementation of an indoor smoking ban in correctional facilities.

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