The management of recreational fisheries benefits from good collaboration between scientists, managers and recreational fishers. However, the level of collaboration largely depends on the levels of effective communication among the different stakeholders. This paper presents the views of scientists, managers and fishers concerning the quality of communication in eleven case studies of recreational fisheries. Case studies were synthesised and common reasons why communication did not always flow as intended were identified. The prevalent barriers to good communication, and therefore collaboration included a lack of rigorous scientific information transfer from scientists to fishers and managers, a fear from fishers that management actions will limit fishing opportunities, pre‐existing antagonism between commercial and recreational fisheries, and fishers' suspicion of science. Overcoming these issues is paramount to improve collaboration and participatory processes that help lead to robust, well‐accepted management actions.
The movements of 74 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were monitored every 2-3 days using radio-telemetry during the spawning migration up the Tongariro River, New Zealand, between June and November 1995. Contrary to the views of anglers, movements of individual fish were highly variable and upstream movement could not be predicted from environmental conditions and fish related variables (length, sex, and reproductive status). There was no significant difference in individual movement between male and female fish. When individual movements were in an upstream direction, maiden trout moved faster, but less often, than fish that had spawned in previous years. The flow in the lower river explained 9% of the variance in individual downstream movements. Net upstream movement occurred throughout most of the study period with above mean activity when the river was in spate, especially early in the migration season when fish responded to flow changes as low as 7%. Above mean upstream daily movement occurred 8 times on rising and 9 times on falling barometric pressure. Large floods caused downstream displacements, but fish tended to move up stream again on the flow recession. The most noticeable downstream movement occurred following the eruption of Mount Ruapehu.
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The immediate survival rate of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (fork length, 81 6 1 mm) that passed through a Francis turbine at Hb Dam on the Hinemaiaia River in the central North Island of New Zealand was estimated at 95.6 6 1.1% (mean 6 SE). The survival rate decreased to 93.1 6 1.4% after 24 h and remained unchanged after 96 h. The survival rate was derived using maximum likelihood estimators for a tag-recapture model involving three releases of 200 fish of similar average length, and the mortality due to handling was estimated using a control of 200 similarly sized fish. The high survival of juvenile rainbow trout (,80 mm) passing through the Francis turbine at Hb power station provides a safe route for fish migrating downstream from Hb Lake into the Hinemaiaia River and Lake Taupo. *
Angling mortality was assessed for Lake Taupo wild rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caught by four different trolling techniques and released. Observed cumulative mortalities 48–53 h after hooking were 15.3% for downrigger, 14.0% for wire line, 7.8% for lead line, and 2.2% for harling. Both immediate and delayed mortalities for each method are discussed. Ninety‐three percent of the total mortality occurred within 26 h after release. Hooking injuries, playing time, transit time, depth at capture, and fish length were not significant causes of mortality. Potential sources of bias in mortality rate estimates are discussed.
Fish traps are a common research and management tool in which fish are subjected to procedures that elicit a stress response in other contexts. The effects of trapping on the stress response of sexually mature, wild rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated during their upstream spawning migration by measuring concentrations of plasma cortisol, lactate, and glucose. Males had significantly lower basal plasma cortisol concentrations (6.1 ± 0.8 ng/mL (mean ± SE)) than females (21.4 ± 5.9 ng/mL). Similarly, the plasma cortisol response in males was significantly lower than that in females for all experiments. Fish working the barrier before entering the trap had increased concentrations of plasma cortisol. Confinement in the trap also induced a stress response. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased to 185.1 ± 40.9 ng/mL in males and 549.1 ± 60.1 ng/mL in females after confinement for 1 h. After processing, the magnitude of the stress response and the relative duration of recovery was less in fish that were confined longer in the trap. However, resting cortisol concentrations in females were not reached after 40 h of recovery in either group. Recovery to resting concentrations of plasma lactate occurred within 15 h after processing. In contrast, concentrations of plasma glucose remained significantly elevated at 40 h after processing. Postspawning fish had significantly lower plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and lactate following application of an extreme stressor compared with prespawning fish. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the trapping procedure induces a severe and prolonged stress response in wild rainbow trout.
The total lipid content of fry (25-30 mm) and parr (55-110 mm) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson 1836) was measured in spring 1996 and 1997 and in autumn 1997 in six trout-rearing tributaries of Lake Taupo, New Zealand. The fat content of fry was variable between streams and some streams had a higher inter-annual variation than others. The fat content of parr was also variable among streams but no difference could be found between seasons. The streams that produced fry with high fat content did not always produce parr with high fat content.
The movements of 92 adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Lake Taupo into the Tongariro River, New Zealand, were monitored using radio-telemetry every 3 days during the main spawning period between May and November 2003. This study repeated one previously conducted in 1995. Differences in spawning site preference and resting locations between 1995 and 2003 probably reflect differences in the nature of the river as a result of major natural floods that occurred in 1998. Average migration times were slower than in 1995 and the correlation between flow and mean daily movement was less distinct owing to the dry and settled weather during July and August, although fish did respond to freshets when they occurred. Peak movement occurred between 1600 and 2000 h NZ Standard Time with no movement occurring between midnight and 0400. Fish adjusted their movement in response to changing photoperiod. Nineteen fish were observed above the mouths of natal tributary streams for several weeks in the main river stem before entering these tributaries.
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