Survival of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Passing through a Francis Turbine

Dedual, Michel

doi:10.1577/m05-174.1

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…46%‐70% of total mortality in Ferguson et al., ; 36% of total mortality in Dedual, ), which justifies that the injury types included in the protocol proposed herein are of high biological relevance. For instance, rainbow trout with moderate to severe scale losses died within 96 hr after turbine passage (Dedual, ). Even injuries of low severity that can usually heal in fish within a timespan of days to weeks, such as scale loss (Bereiter‐Hahn & Zylberberg, ; Vieira et al., ), tears in the fins (Azevedo, Grotek, Jacinto & Weidinger, ), dermal lesions (Anderson & Roberts, ; Roubal & Bullock, ) and pigment anomalies, may cause delayed mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Evaluation of external fish injury caused by hydropower plants based on a novel field‐based protocol

Mueller

Pander

Geist

2017

Fisheries Management Eco

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Knowledge on the extent and mechanisms of fish damage caused by hydropower facilities is important for their ecological improvement. Herein, a novel field-based fish injury assessment protocol is proposed that includes vitality and four general health criteria, as well as nine lethal and sub-lethal injury types across 18 body parts. The protocol was validated using 3,087 specimens from four species of hatchery-reared fish, as well as 2,262 specimens from 32 species of wild fish. The protocol allowed a detailed and systematic evaluation of different fish injury types in the field. Injuries related to handling and to contact with different parts of the hydropower structure could be distinguished applying multivariate statistics. This approach allows quantification and comparison of fish injuries across sites, and can help to identify the technologies and operational procedures that minimise damage to fish. It may also be useful to assess fish health in other contexts including aquaculture. K E Y W O R D Sanimal welfare, fish conservation, fish mortality, fish passage, hydropower monitoring | INTRODUCTIONHydropower technology is considered a clean and renewable energy source of increasing worldwide importance (Zarfl, Lumsdon, Berlekamp, Tydecks & Tockner, 2015). Hydropower is generated by converting the kinetic and potential energy from falling water into rotating shaft power, which can be used to drive an electricity generator (Paish, 2002). Unfortunately, downstream moving fish often enter the hydropower structure where they are exposed to extreme risks of harm (Williams, Armstrong, Katopodis, Larinier & Travade, 2012).Various physical mechanisms can result in various forms of fish damage, including collisions with the machinery (Killgore, Maynord, Chan & Morgan, 2001), bar screens or cleaning devices (Adam & Brujis, 2006;Nettles & Gloss, 1987;Skalski, Mathur & Heisey, 2002), shear stress near the turbine blades, in the draft tube and in the tailrace (Čada, Garrison & Fisher, 2007), barotrauma caused by pressure changes , cavitation forces within the runner case, turbulences and fluid shear within the suction hose as well as in the tailrace (Abernethy, Amidan & Čada, 2001). Resulting injuries include scale loss, fin damage, haemorrhages, bruises, skin wounds, amputations of body parts or internal injuries, such as swim bladder rupture and emboli (Dedual, 2007;Ebel, 2013;Schneider, Hübner & Korte, 2012). As movement and migration are obligatory elements in the life cycle of many fishes (Lucas, Baras, Thom, Duncan & Slavík, 2001), the injuries and mortalities resulting from passage through turbines are still a major drawback of hydroelectric energy (Hogan, Čada & Amaral, 2014).The severity of the impact of power plant passage is dependent on technical characteristics such as the rotation speed of the turbine, turbine diameter, number of turbine blades, blade angle and the drop height, which determine the degree of pressure changes, shear stress, cavitation and the collision risk for fish (Ferguson, Ploskey,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Evaluation of external fish injury caused by hydropower plants based on a novel field‐based protocol

Mueller

Pander

Geist

2017

Fisheries Management Eco

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“…Upstream gene flow was generally nil, as would be expected due to the anthropogenic barriers that prevent upstream migration. Downstream gene flow in the Biobío River despite the numerous dams and their considerable height may be mediated through the passage and survival of P. irwini through the turbine system as has been described for other species (Amaral et al, 2015;Dedual, 2007). and for the drastic reductions in estimated effective sizes (e.g., BC), allelic diversity, and richness (e.g., BC4, Table 2), as has been observed in other studies (Banks et al, 2013).…”

Section: Influence Of Anthropogenic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Human‐induced habitat fragmentation effects on connectivity, diversity, and population persistence of an endemic fish, Percilia irwini, in the Biobío River basin (Chile)

Valenzuela‐Aguayo

McCracken

Manosalva

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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An understanding of how genetic variability is distributed in space is fundamental for the conservation and maintenance of diversity in spatially fragmented and vulnerable populations. While fragmentation can occur from natural barriers, it can also be exacerbated by anthropogenic activities such as hydroelectric power plant development. Whatever the source, fragmentation can have significant ecological effects, including disruptions of migratory processes and gene flow among populations. In Chile, the Biobío River basin exhibits a high degree of habitat fragmentation due to the numerous hydroelectric power plants in operation, the number of which is expected to increase following new renewable energy use strategies. Here, we assessed the effects of different kinds of barriers on the genetic structure of the endemic freshwater fish Percilia irwini, knowledge that is critically needed to inform conservation strategies in light of current and anticipated further fragmentation initiatives in the system. We identified eight genetic units throughout the entire Biobío system with high effective sizes. A reduced effective size estimate was, however, observed in a single population located between two impassable barriers. Both natural waterfalls and human‐made dams were important drivers of population differentiation in this system; however, dams affect genetic diversity differentially depending on their mode of operation. Evidence of population extirpation was found in two river stretches limited by upstream and downstream dams. Significant gene flow in both directions was found among populations not separated by natural or anthropogenic barriers. Our results suggest a significant vulnerability of P. irwini populations to future dam development and demonstrate the importance of studying basin‐wide data sets with genetic metrics to understand the strength and direction of anthropogenic impacts on fish populations.

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“…Obstacles can have a large variety of impacts. Direct mortality as a result of water turbines has been widely studied and quantified (Blackwell et al, 1998;Williams et al, 2001;Čada et al, 2006;Buchanan and Skalski, 2007;Dedual, 2007;Welch et al, 2008;Travade et al, 2010). However, obstacles can have many other consequences (Budy et al, 2002), including stress, disease, injury, increased energy costs, migration delay (Muir et al, 2006;Caudill et al, 2007;Marschall et al, 2011) overpredation, and overfishing (Briand et al, 2003;Garcia De Leaniz, 2008) of populations that often suffer intense exploitation (McDowall, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver eel downstream migration in fragmented rivers: use of a Bayesian model to track movements triggering and duration★

Drouineau¹,

Bau²,

Alric³

et al. 2017

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-Obstacles in rivers are considered to be one of the main threats to diadromous fish. As a result of the recent collapse of the European eel, the European Commission introduced a Regulation, requiring to reduce all sources of anthropogenic mortality, including those caused by passing through hydropower turbines. Improving knowledge about migration triggers and processes is crucial to assess and mitigate the impact of obstacles. In our study, we tracked 97 tagged silver eels in a fragmented river situated in the Western France (the River Dronne). Using the movement ecology framework, and implementing a Bayesian state-space model, we confirmed the influence of river discharge on migration triggering and the distance travelled by fish. We also demonstrated that, in our studied area, there is a small window of opportunity for migration. Moreover, we found that obstacles have a significant impact on distance travelled. Combined with the small window, this suggests that assessment of obstacles impact on downstream migration should not be limited to quantifying mortality at hydroelectric facilities, but should also consider the delay induced by obstacles, and its effects on escapement. The study also suggests that temporary turbines shutdown may mitigate the impacts of hydropower facilities in rivers with migration process similar to those observed here.

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Survival of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Passing through a Francis Turbine

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of external fish injury caused by hydropower plants based on a novel field‐based protocol

Evaluation of external fish injury caused by hydropower plants based on a novel field‐based protocol

Human‐induced habitat fragmentation effects on connectivity, diversity, and population persistence of an endemic fish, Percilia irwini, in the Biobío River basin (Chile)

Silver eel downstream migration in fragmented rivers: use of a Bayesian model to track movements triggering and duration★

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