Objective: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and one of the main factors in the clinical deferral of blood donors. This fact prompted the current study that aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of anemia in blood donor candidates and to evaluate the hematological screening technique used for the exclusion of these donors. Methods: This was a prospective study that compared two groups (Anemic and Non-anemic). Initially screening for anemia was performed by manually measuring hemoglobin (Bioclin® Kit); the results were subsequently compared with an automated screening method (Coulter T-890). The etiology was investigated by hemoglobin electrophoresis in alkaline and acid pH, Hb A2 dosage and measurement of the ferritin concentration by immunoagglutination. Differences and associations of interest were analyzed using the Yates and McNemar's Chi-square tests and the Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The deferral rate due to anemia was 4.2%; iron deficiency was identified in 37.5% and beta thalassemia in 9.3% of the excluded candidates. There was a significant discrepancy between the two techniques used to measure hemoglobin with 38.1% of initially deferred donors presenting normal hemoglobin levels by the automated method. Conclusion: The results show a high rate of blood donors being deferred for anemia and confirm that iron deficiency is the most prevalent cause. The discrepancies found by comparing screening methods suggest that hemoglobin and hematocrit levels should be confirmed before deferring a donor due to anemia; this may increase supplies in blood banks.

The study was carried out at Hospital Veterinário,

Article history The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.

Resumo: O processo de ensilagem depende de inúmeros fatores, desde a escolha da forrageira para o plantio, passando-se pela colheita, ensilagem e abertura do silo, frisando-se sempre na qualidade da forragem conservada. O meio deve ser anaeróbio, ideal para o crescimento de bactérias ácido lácticas, que produzem ácidos orgânicos a partir do consumo de carboidratos solúveis, reduzindo o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) do meio e promovendo a conservação do material. Pois a qualidade do material ensilado depende diretamente da permanência desse pH suficientemente baixo e ausência de oxigênio, a fim de inibir a atuação de microrganismos indesejáveis que remontam as fermentações secundárias. As culturas forrageiras destinadas a ensilagem devem possuir características desejáveis que se adequem ao processo fermentativo, como os teores de matéria seca, carboidratos solúveis, nitrato e capacidade tampão aceitáveis, pois forrageiras que não apresentam essas características podem causar dificuldade de acidificação do meio, dificultando o processo de ensilagem, apesar disso, algumas técnicas podem ser utilizadas visando minimizar essas deficiências, como emurchecimento e o uso de aditivos podem ser aplicadas definindo o sucesso na produção de silagens. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta revisão deu-se em compilar informações quanto as potencialidades e limitações de plantas forrageiras para ensilagem, a fim de garantir um alimento conservado de qualidade que atenda às necessidades nutricionais dos animais, bem como apresentar dados para o embasamento do valor nutritivo das mesmas.

No abstract