Economic consequences of the occupation of Galicia by the Russian army in 1809 The intervention of the Russian army in Galicia in June 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition, was formally the implementation of the alliance with Napoleon (the Treaty of Tilsit). In reality, Russia was concerned with preventing territorial expansion of the Duchy of Warsaw and hoping for a possible seizure of some Austrian lands. The costs of maintaining the Russian army had to be covered by the inhabitants of the part of Galicia they occupied. The value of food, forage supplies and taxes collected to supply Russian troops, as well as requisitions, amounted at least to 5.87 million florins. That was a serious sum, all the more so because taxes had already been collected from Galicia and the supplies were transferred to the Austrian army. However, these burdens have not led to the collapse of the country’s economy. This was partly due to the fact that only the beneficiary of military supplies changed: the Russian army took the place of the Austrian army. The several-month stay of the Russian army in Galicia contributed to the weakening of the economic and military potential of the Habsburg monarchy at the final stage of the war of 1809, as the state was deprived of the inflow of financial and material resources from its north-eastern areas before the Treaty of Schönbrunn.
Metryka józefińska jako źródło do dziejów wojskowości ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wschodniej GalicjiAustriacki kataster gruntowy sporządzony w Galicji w latach 1785-1788, znany jako metryka józefińska, jest ważnym źródłem do badania dziejów miast i wsi zaboru austriackiego. Jako materiał o charakterze podatkowym był podstawą analizy problemów gospodarczych, przede wszystkim kwestii struktury i dochodów z działalności rolniczej. W ostatnich latach informacje te wykorzystywano w większym stopniu pod kątem historii gospodarczej miast, których wielka część miała charakter rolniczy lub na pół rolniczy. Znajdujące się w ramach katastru podstawowe materiały, czyli Księga pomiarów gruntowych, Sumariusz gruntów dominikalnych i rustykalnych, Opisanie granic gminy, Prawidła fasjonowania, jak również dane pomocnicze: Konsygnacje gruntów, Obrachunki przychodów z gruntów oraz dodatkowe Sumariusze, dają dobry wgląd w układ topograficzny poszczególnych miejscowości, ich status prawny, obciążenia feudalne mieszkańców, strukturę własności nieruchomej, jakość występujących tam gruntów, wysokość i wartość plonów z czterech podstawowych zbóż oraz sumaryczny dochód z danej miejscowości (bez przychodów z działalności pozarolniczej) 1 .
The military service of Jewish soldiers during World War I caused controversies, with the term“Jew” itself being problematic. In Austria-Hungary, a Jewish nationality was not recognized, andthe only criterium of identification was a declaration of practicing religion (Judaism). This isnot a problem for establishing the number of Jewish privates, but it disrupts the statistics of theofficer corps, where it was common to abandon Judaism. In the Austro-Hungarian Army, Jewshad the ability to acquire higher officer ranks (general), but in practice, this was only applicableto Jews assimilated to German culture. The percentage of Jews among reserve officers was higherthan average due to their high level of education. According to data from 1910, Jews constituted3.1% of all privates in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. World War I took the lives of about25,000 Austro-Hungarian Jews, i.e. about 8.3% of all followers of Judaism mobilized to the army.This was a percentage slightly lower than for Christians, which became fodder to anti-Semitism.Jewish soldiers showed loyalty to the state and did not engage in military rebellions in 1918. After the war, the memory of Jewish soldiers was not cultivated in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy’s successor states. In contrast to Germany, however, they were not accused of acting to undermine the empire’s military potential during World War I.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.