Economies have always been prone to different kinds of exogenous shocks, which can destabilize the path and pattern of regional economic growth. Regional economy perturbed by a shock may move onto a new growth path by re-establishing economic linkages, both internally and with other regions. The question why one region is more vulnerable to economic shock than other, impelled to analyze notion of resilience in a regional development context. Despite own limitations of quantitative methods, several approaches in the form of composite indices (CIs) have been proposed by the European Union (EU) and the other institutions. The aim of this paper is to throw light on some of the underlying aspects of regional resilience and provide an overview of a notion as well as analysis of research studies on constructing the territorial CIs. The main results of the paper are overview and comparison of regional resilience literature and empirics of existing CIs that lead to measuring the EU NUTS-2 regions resilience based on constructing own index. CIs construction includes several steps that have to be made and corresponding methods have to be chosen. Primarily, selection of sub-indicators, normalizing methods, weighting schemes and aggregation formulas are fundamental. ARTICLE HISTORY
Research background: Economic crisis hit all the European Union Member States hard, with the impact of crisis varying considerably. The low growth performance in the EU has increased concerns regarding an increasing wage dispersion, income inequality at large, and social exclusion in line with poverty. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Social inequality in the EU is a real problem, which hampers sustainable economic growth. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence and divergence trends between the EU Member States in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study gives an outline of the issues of the labour market and income disparities and poverty. Policymakers must be clear about what social objectives they are aiming to achieve, therefore special attention is paid to headline national goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Methods: The main task of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the EU27 by applying Data Envelopment Analysis method, resp. time-series dynamic efficiency analysis in the form of output-oriented Malmquist Productivity Index. This study contains changes of key social equality indicators related to the Europe 2020 Strategy and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2010-2015, as well as the impact on national economics and living conditions. Findings & value added: Results contain elements of typology premises of the EU28 and point to a large diversity in inequality patterns, as the Author observes both increases and decreases in inequality at the EU level. Recent changes in social inequality have been associated with the business cycle, particularly with the accessibility of the labour market and, of course, with income inequality. Additionally, the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socioeconomic well-being of the EU and to avoid social disparities.
The EU Member States Export Competitiveness and ProductivityThe growing number of players in world trade increases competition among countries. It has also a significant implication for the EU member states that are differently dependant on international trade. The object of the paper was to evaluate the export competitiveness and productivity of the EU member states in 2000−2015 using the Factor Analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results of trade analyses confirmed that the level of the export competitiveness was different in the individual EU member states and that it had also been changed during the monitored period. However, the original hypothesis about the level of export productivity was not confirmed. The results of the DEA analysis pointed more to economic convergence in the trade area between the new and old EU member states than to export productivity. The development of the EU trade was influenced by globalisation processes accompanied by trade liberalisation, but also the EU integration process.Keywords: export growth, external competitiveness, European Union, Factor Analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis, productivity JEL Classification: C67, C82, E61, F10, F14, F23, O11, O52 ÚvodV souvislosti s poklesem obchodních překážek v mezinárodním obchodě a rostoucí fragmentací výroby, internacionalizací a transnacionalizací ekonomických činností (Cihelková et al., 2009;Kunešová et al., 2014;Rojíček, 2010a; Rojíček, 2012 apod.), ale i v důsledku šíření nových technologií (Baláž et al., 2010) dochází k poklesu jednotkových a celkových transakčních nákladů. Vlivem těchto faktorů se zvyšuje objem produkce, což vyvolává dojem růstu produktivity práce. Současně s tímto vedou globalizační procesy k růstu konkurence na světovém trhu, což vyvolává nevídaný tlak na všechny účastníky ekonomických procesů, a státy se tak nemohou otázce konkurenceschopnosti a konkurenčních výhod vyhnout. V podmínkách Evropské unie (EU) jsou výnosy z rozsahu ovlivňovány řadou pozitivních efektů vyplývajících z jednotného trhu. Jedná se zejména o optimální využití evropských přímých zahraničních investic a využívání vnitřních komparativních výhod, efektivní uplatňování investičních stimulů, transferové ceny, používání společné měny euro a jednotné platební oblasti SEPA apod. Na druhou stranu zde dochází k významnému rozvoji vnitrofiremního obchodu, v rámci něhož jsou ve značné míře směňovány pouze dílčí části finálního výrobku. To v konečném důsledku *1 Lenka Fojtíková (lenka.fojtikova@vsb.cz), Michaela Staníčková (michaela.stanickova@vsb.cz), Vysoká škola báňská -Technická univerzita Ostrava, Ekonomická fakulta.
Annotation Hustopeče 18.-20. 6. 2014 46
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