Rationale: The Southeast Asian tuberculosis burden is high, and it remains unclear if urban indoor air pollution in this setting is exacerbating the epidemic.Objectives: To determine the associations of latent tuberculosis with common urban indoor air pollution sources (secondhand smoke, indoor motorcycle emissions, and cooking) in Southeast Asia. Methods:We enrolled child household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed active tuberculosis in Vietnam, from July 2017 to December 2019. We tested children for latent tuberculosis and evaluated air pollution exposures with questionnaires and personal aerosol sampling. We tested hypotheses using generalized estimating equations.Conclusions: Common urban indoor air pollution sources were associated with increased odds of latent tuberculosis infection in child household contacts of patients with active tuberculosis.

Purpose of reviewOur objective was to review the current literature regarding socioeconomic, environmental, clinical, and immunologic factors common to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB). Recent findingsRecent studies suggest that TB patients might be at increased risk for developing COPD. Conversely, additional prospective cohort studies have determined that COPD patients are at increased risk for active TB: a risk that appears to be partially mediated through inhaled corticosteroid use. Tobacco smoking, poverty, air pollution, and malnutrition are associated with COPD and TB. Vitamin D has been shown to prevent COPD exacerbations, but its use for preventing TB infection remains unclear. Surfactant deficiency, elevated matrix metalloproteinases, and toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms play key roles in the pathogenesis of both diseases.

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