Four studies examined reactions to accommodative dilemmas in ongoing close relationships, exploring the association between adult attachment style—secure, avoidant, and anxious‐ambivalent—and four possible modes of reaction—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Consistent with predictions, it was shown that which close partners enact potentially destructive behaviors, insecurely attached individuals tend to react in a more defensive and destructive manner. Specifically, in comparison to secure individuals, insecure individuals were more likely to react to accommodative dilemmas with exit and neglect, and were less likely to react with voice. Contrary to predictions, individuals with avoidant and anxious‐ambivalent styles did not differ in their reactions to accommodative dilemmas. The implications of these findings for understanding reactions to emotionally threatening interpersonal situations are discussed.

Two studies assessed the goodness of fit of ideal, quasi-, and noncircumplex models of interpersonal traits. Study 1 (N = 132) represents a secondary data analysis using J.S. Wiggins's {1979) original Interpersonal Adjectives Scales (IAS) and reported by J.S. Wiggins, J.H. Steiger, and L. Gaelick (1981). Study 2 (N = 401) represents a primary data analysis using Wiggins's revised IAS (J.S. Wiggins, P. Trapnell, & N. Phillips, 1988). Results of both studies indicated that a quasi-circumplex model provided a better fit to the correlational data than did either ideal or noncircumplex models. Also, in Study 2, results for a subsample (n = 113) indicated that an ideal circumplex model yielded a significant positive path coefficient from Nurturance to interpersonal trust (J.

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Highlights The Legionella genus contains nine core effectors. Three Legionella pneumophila core effectors are required for intracellular growth. The Legionella genus core effectors display functional conservation among orthologs. One Legionella core effector requires an accessory protein to perform its function.

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in Sertoli cells of the fetal and postnatal testis, and granulosa cells of the pubertal ovary. We examined MIS expression in a nonhuman primate, the cynomolgus macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis), to define an animal model for studying MIS gene regulation. Changes in testicular MIS mRNA with age were assessed by in situ hybridization of prepubertal to adult testes, Northern analysis of pubertal and adult specimens, and determination of serum MIS concentrations from infancy to adulthood. We found that MIS expression was highest in the youngest animals and decreased progressively with increasing age. Serum MIS concentrations correlated inversely with increasing age (r = -0.74), body weight (r = -0.79), and testicular volume (r = -0.73), but not with testosterone levels (r = -0.35). The mean MIS concentrations +/- SEM for the four developmental age groups were 270.6 +/- 23.8 (infants), 195.5 +/- 18.5 (juveniles), 102.7 +/- 28.4 (peripubertals), and 51.6 +/- 7.1 (adults). This study confirms that nonhuman primate and human MIS are highly homologous and have similar developmental patterns. The normative data for serum MIS concentrations in cynomolgus monkeys at different ages and developmental stages will be invaluable for further work examining MIS regulation.