Middle Don basin is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, characterized by high diversity of vascular terrestrial plants. However, the significance of its freshwater biodiversity is not well understood now. In the given paper we present the results of the investigation of higher aquatic flora of basin streams and reservoirs within the Middle Don, Rostov region. 90 species of 53 genera and 32 families belonging to the four departments of higher plants were identified. The biodiversity of the Middle Don aquatic flora is discussed using the previously obtained herbal and biogeographic data and considering ecological, geographical and human factors. A systematic, ecological and geographical analysis of the regional aquatic flora has been conducted.
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