Research background. Rice germination is a natural approach to enhance the physical and functional properties of brown rice. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of germination methods on functional properties of GBR and evaluate the process feasibility. Experimental approach. Brown rice of IPB 3S was germinated in three (3) different methods, such as (i) complete soaking without water replacement, (ii) complete soaking with water replacement every six hours, and (iii) complete soaking with continuous washing in the developed membrane-facilitated soaking reactor. Results and conclusions. The application of the membrane reactor for producing germinated brown rice could maintain the pH of the soaking solution relatively constant (i.e. 6.8-7.0). This indicated the circumvention of natural fermentation during brown rice germination. Moreover, the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid in germinated brown rice produced in the membrane reactor was about 4.5-fold higher (169.2 mg/100 mg sample) than brown rice (36.82 mg/100 mg sample), and also higher than that of the other two soaking methods. The γ-oryzanol concentrations and the antioxidant capacities of GBR resulted from the three soaking methods were fluctuated, ranging from 32 to 38 mg/100 mg sample and 18 to 28 mg AEAC/100 g sample, respectively. Within this study, germination could also slightly reduce the transition temperatures of GBR starch gelatinization (to = 73-74 °C, tp = 76-77 °C, and tc = ~ 80 °C). In conclusion, the production of germinated brown rice in the membrane reactor could enhance the γ-aminobutyric acid content of germinated brown rice and reduce wastewater production. Therefore, the production of germinated brown rice in the membrane reactor is considered more feasible. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates the feasibility of germinated brown rice production using a membrane-facilitated soaking reactor with better enhancement in bioactive compounds, especially γ-aminobutyric acid, and minimizing wastewater production.
Nadu during Rabi 2018 to study the influence of various growth hormones on bulb size and yield increase and to standardize the appropriate hormone and concentration for increasing the yield and yield attributing traits in onion cv. Agrifound Light Red. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments in various concentrations of four growth retardants, viz. Chlormequat, Mepiquat chloride, Brassinolide and Daminozide. The results revealed that among different growth retardants, Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm significantly reduced the plant height (55.10 cm), increased the number of leaves per plant (10.10) at 90 days after sowing, neck diameter (2.25 cm), root length (8.15 cm) and total chlorophyll content of leaves (2.49 mg/g). The day taken for maturity was recorded minimum in Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm(127.30) while maximum was recorded in control (135.66). Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm application also significantly improved the yield attributing characters viz.,bulb diameter(5.86 cm), bulb height(5.28 cm), bulb weight(76.00 g), marketable yield of bulb/ha(512.15 q) and reduced unmarketable yield of bulb/ha(36.195 q)thereby exerting superiority over other treatments and control for total yield of bulb/ha(548.35 q).
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