We observed a general increase in the prevalence of diagnosed PHPT in Tayside, Scotland. The incidence of diagnosis is greater in females than in males and increases with age. The annual incidence followed an apparent cyclic curve during the study period.

The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism and previous hyperthyroidism has increased in Tayside, Scotland. This is partly due to an increasing incidence of disease, increased ascertainment and earlier diagnosis of disease. This will result in an increased workload for endocrinologists and general practitioners.

The use of these age-specific reference intervals for TSH, especially in those over 70 years old, would result in the reclassification of many TSH results from "abnormal" to "normal" (within the 95th centile reference interval) and avoid unnecessary treatment.

Sex-linked genes may account for the intrinsic sex difference observed. These genes may have an important impact on the development of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may help to explain the female preponderance of type 2 diabetes in children. Their identification may also help in understanding the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Mortality and morbidity were increased for patients with mild untreated PHPT, which is similar to more severe PHPT.

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Context: Statin therapy has been associated with pancreatitis in observational studies.Although lipid guidelines recommend fibrate therapy to reduce pancreatitis risk in those with hypertriglyceridemia, fibrates may lead to the development of gallstones, a risk factor for pancreatitis.Objective: To investigate associations between statin and fibrate therapy, respectively, and incident pancreatitis in large randomized trials. Data Sources:We identified relevant trials in literature searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science (1 January 1994 for statin trials, 1 January 1972 for fibrate trials through 9 June 2012). Published pancreatitis data were tabulated where available (6 trials). Unpublished data were obtained from investigators (22 trials). Study Selection:We included randomized controlled cardiovascular end-point trials investigating effects of statin therapy and fibrate therapy, respectively. Studies with more than 1000 participants followed for over 1 year were included.Data Extraction: Trial-specific data described numbers of participants developing pancreatitis and change in triglycerides at 1 year. We calculated trial-specific risk ratios (RR) and combined these using random-effects model meta-analysis. Betweenstudy heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Results: In 16 placebo-and standard care-controlled statin trials with 113,800 participants conducted over a weighted mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 4.1 (1.5) years, 309 developed pancreatitis (134 assigned statin, 175 assigned control), RR 0.77 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.62-0.97; p=0.027; I 2 =0%). In 5 dosecomparison statin trials with 39,614 participants conducted over 4.8 (1.7) years, 156 developed pancreatitis (70 assigned intensive-dose statin, 86 assigned moderate-dose),

Cases of rhabdomyolysis have been attributed to white snakeroot toxicosis; however, tremetone was not detected in any horses. Similarities exist between cases of seasonal pasture myopathy and cases of atypical myopathy in Europe.