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Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a disease entity seen nearly exclusively in East Asian children that is characterized by multifocal, symmetric lesions involving the thalami, brainstem, cerebellum, and white matter. We present a child who developed dramatic neurologic symptoms following a viral prodrome. Serial MRI examinations demonstrated characteristic lesions of ANEC, while laboratory analyses revealed evidence of acute infection with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). We highlight the MRI findings in both the acute and convalescent phases of ANEC, discuss the implications of neuroimaging on the child's clinical course, and emphasize the integral role of the radiologist in correctly diagnosing this rare disease.

The results of this study provide immunohistochemical evidence that the posterior hyaloid membrane is a true basement membrane enveloping the posterior hyaloid surface. Because this membranous structure is observed only after posterior vitreous detachment, the results of this study indicate that it forms part of the internal limiting membrane when the vitreous is in its attached state.

The number of repeated radiographs required to ascertain that the cervical spine is free of injury after suspected head trauma is significantly fewer when initial CT of the neck is performed at the time of head CT examination. Including cervical spine CT in trauma protocols for subgroups of children with head injuries may lead to more effective clearance of the pediatric cervical spine.

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Although diverticular perforation and diverticulitis is usually a straightforward diagnosis, an occasional case can be difficult. In this report, we describe a patient who initially presented with symptoms suggestive of maxillary sinusitis and hip fracture. Findings of subcutaneous craniofacial emphysema eventually led to the diagnosis of a perforated sigmoid diverticulum with abscess.