Abstract. If computer systems are to be designed to foster resilient performance it is important to be able to identify contributors to resilience. The emerging practice of Resilience Engineering has identified that people are still a primary source of resilience, and that the design of distributed systems should provide ways of helping people and organisations to cope with complexity. Although resilience has been identified as a desired property, researchers and practitioners do not have a clear understanding of what manifestations of resilience look like. This paper discusses some examples of strategies that people can adopt that improve the resilience of a system. Critically, analysis reveals that the generation of these strategies is only possible if the system facilitates them. As an example, this paper discusses practices, such as reflection, that are known to encourage resilient behavior in people. Reflection allows systems to better prepare for oncoming demands. We show that contributors to the practice of reflection manifest themselves at different levels of abstraction: from individual strategies to practices in, for example, control room environments. The analysis of interaction at these levels enables resilient properties of a system to be 'seen', so that systems can be designed to explicitly support them. We then present an analysis of resilience at an organisational level within the nuclear domain. This highlights some of the challenges facing the Resilience Engineering approach and the need for using a collective language to articulate knowledge of resilient practices across domains.
The results suggest that postsecondary personnel adopt a social-cognitive framework to develop social, mental health, and academic supports for SSM/V with PTSD.
This paper explores temporal aspects of control behavior in order to support the design of systems where functions can be allocated flexibly in time. Dynamic Function Scheduling, an extension of Dynamic Function Allocation approaches, highlights the role of temporal information and temporal reasoning in supervisory control decisions. The microworld experiment presented 30 participants with a supervisory control task where they had to monitor production in a simulated paint station, make strategic decisions about automatic or manual production, and handle faults. Independent variables were event rate, the knowledge of event rate information, the availability of an online progress indicator, and the cost of fault servicing. Results showed that knowledge of event rate information improved performance, but availability of an online progress indicator had no additional effect. Implications for the investigation of temporal control behavior are discussed.
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