Detecting system failures from durations and binary cues

Shahar, Nir; Meyer, Joachim; Hildebrandt, Michael; Rafaely, Vered

doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.03.001

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As mentioned above, although task predictability is a major topic in current research on task switching, the effects of time-based task expectancy have not yet been investigated and research on time-based expectancy has exclusively been confined to single task studies so far. This lack of research interest is particularly surprising as it is known that in most areas of applied multitasking, like communication, sports, or human machine interaction, delays are predictive with regard to the following task (Roberts & Francis, 2013; Shahar, Meyer, Hildebrandt, & Rafaely, 2012; Thomaschke & Haering, 2014).…”

Section: Time-based Expectancy In Task Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-based expectancy in temporally structured task switching.

Aufschnaiter

Kiesel

Dreisbach

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In many situations, people have to switch between different tasks. Previous research has shown that task switching leads to relatively slow responses and high error rates. In many real-life task-switching contexts, tasks are not randomly distributed over time, but the temporal distribution of tasks carries information. Often the delay before a task predicts to some degree which task it will be, like when a longer browser loading time for a website makes the search for an alternative more likely. The present study investigated whether and how humans adapt to such temporal regularities. In a series of five experiments, intertask delays predicted with different probabilities the task in the upcoming trial, or whether the task switches in the upcoming trial. Participants adapted their response behavior to the predictability of the task, for all tested degrees of predictability (70%, 80%, 90%), but only for the degree of 90% predictability when the task transition was temporally predictable. The adaptation was implicit and task repetitions as well as switches, both benefitted from this adaptation. Likewise, performance after 500 ms and 1,500 ms delays was facilitated by time-based predictability. The results are discussed in the context of previous findings on nontemporal task predictability. (PsycINFO Database Record

show abstract

Section: Time-based Expectancy In Task Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-based expectancy in temporally structured task switching.

Aufschnaiter

Kiesel

Dreisbach

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is growing evidence that humans do indeed automatically and precisely adapt to the predictability of time-event combinations. For instance, the duration of pauses in speech induces expectancies about the complexity (Watanabe, Hirose, Den, & Minematsu, 2008) or valence (Roberts & Francis, 2013; Roberts, Margutti, & Takano, 2011) of the following expression (see also MacGregor, Corley, & Donaldson, 2010), and computer users predict system responses based on preceding system delays (Shahar, Meyer, Hildebrandt, & Rafaely, 2012; Thomaschke & Haering, 2014). It is, however, not clear yet how previous theories, which model time expectancy and event expectancy as distinct systems, can account for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Time-event Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is converging evidence that humans are highly sensitive to the distribution and probability of delays in their environment. When the length of the current delay in an interaction is predictable, processing capacities are scheduled to be optimally prepared after the most likely delay duration (Correa, Lupiáñez, Milliken, & Tudela, 2004;Kingstone, 1992;Seibold, Bausenhart, Rolke, & Ulrich, 2011;Seibold, Fiedler, & Rolke, 2011; see Figure 1b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The time-event correlation effect is due to temporal expectancy, not to partial transition costs.

Thomaschke

Dreisbach

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans are sensitive to temporal redundancies in their environment. When the identity of a target stimulus is correlated with the duration of the preceding interval, performance is better for frequent than for infrequent combinations of target and interval. This effect has been demonstrated several times in current timing research. However, it can be accounted for by 2 starkly contrasting explanations. The standard account has explained it in terms of learning associations between intervals and stimulus-response events. But, alternatively the effect might be due to partial trial transition costs, because infrequent time-event combinations are proportionally more often partial transitions (i.e., transitions of either interval, or target). We conducted 3 choice response time experiments to distinguish between both explanations. The results clearly show that the time-event correlation effect is due to learning, not to partial transition costs.

show abstract

“…Time-based expectancy is typically induced by correlations between a foreperiod and targets (Thomaschke & Dreisbach, 2013;Volberg & Thomaschke, 2017;Wagener & Hoffmann, 2010). Moreover, time-based expectancy has already been demonstrated in other domains such as visual stimulus perception (Thomaschke et al, 2016), attentional adjustment to conflict contingencies (Wendt, & Kiesel, 2011), language processing (Roberts & Francis, 2013;Roberts et al, 2011;Roberts & Norris, 2016), human-machine interaction (Shahar et al, 2012;Thomaschke & Haering, 2014) or the perception of emotional word valence (Thomaschke et al, 2018). These studies typically examined timebased expectancy in single tasks.…”

Section: Time-based Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-based task expectancy: perceptual task indicator expectancy or expectancy of post-perceptual task components?

Monno

Aufschnaiter

Ehret

et al. 2021

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The temporal predictability of upcoming events plays a crucial role in the adjustment of anticipatory cognitive control in multitasking. Previous research has demonstrated that task switching performance improved if tasks were validly predictable by a pre-target interval. Hence, far, the underlying cognitive processes of time-based task expectancy in task switching have not been clearly defined. The present study investigated whether the effect of time-based expectancy is due to expectancy of post-perceptual task components or rather due to facilitation of perceptual visual processing of the coloured task indicator. Participants performed two numeric judgment tasks (parity vs. magnitude), which were each indicated by two different colours. Each task was either more or less frequently preceded by one of two intervals (500 ms or 1500 ms). Tasks were indicated either by colours that were each more frequently (or in Exp. 1 also less frequently) paired with the interval or by colours that were equally frequent for each interval. Participants only responded faster when colour and task were predictable by time (expected colour), not when the task alone was predictable (neutral colour). Hence, our results speak in favour of perceptual time-based task indicator expectancy being the underlying cognitive mechanism of time-based expectancy in the task switching paradigm.

show abstract

Detecting system failures from durations and binary cues

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Time-based expectancy in temporally structured task switching.

Time-based expectancy in temporally structured task switching.

The time-event correlation effect is due to temporal expectancy, not to partial transition costs.

Time-based task expectancy: perceptual task indicator expectancy or expectancy of post-perceptual task components?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About