Recent advances involving high-throughput techniques for data generation and analysis have made familiarity with basic bioinformatics concepts and programs a necessity in the biological sciences. Undergraduate students increasingly need training in methods related to finding and retrieving information stored in vast databases. The rapid rise of bioinformatics as a new discipline has challenged many colleges and universities to keep current with their curricula, often in the face of static or dwindling resources. On the plus side, many bioinformatics modules and related databases and software programs are free and accessible online, and interdisciplinary partnerships between existing faculty members and their support staff have proved advantageous in such efforts. We present examples of strategies and methods that have been successfully used to incorporate bioinformatics content into undergraduate curricula.
The activity for methanol formation of copper-chromia catalysts is sensitive to the temperature of calcination pretreatment; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the reduced catalysts showed a correlation between the amount of stable surface Cu+ and the activity for methanol formation.
An examination of the literature revealed that aqueous -processable positive -working photoresists based on novolac resins have been frequently reported, while analogous resists employing poly(p -hydroxystyrene) as the binder have not. In a functional resist formulation, poly(p -hydroxystyrene) would be expected to be similar to novolac in its development characteristics; however, this is not true. The dissolution properties of these two types of binders have been examined in order to identify the crucial differences. This paper presents the determination of the dissolution kinetic expression for both polymers.Additionally, the dissolution behavior of these materials in a resist -like environment is also discussed.From the results of our study, it can be concluded that poly(p -hydroxystyrene) does not exhibit as high a discrimination between exposed and unexposed dissolution rates as does novolac.
AbstractAn examination of the literature revealed that aqueous-processable positive-working photoresists based on novolac resins have been frequently reported, while analogous resists employing poly(p-hydroxystyrene) as the binder have not. In a functional resist formulation, poly(p-hydroxystyrene) would be expected to be similar to novolac in its development characteristics; however, this is not true. The dissolution properties of these two types of binders have been examined in order to identify the crucial differences. This paper presents the determination of the dissolution kinetic expression for both polymers. Additionally, the dissolution behavior of these materials in a resist-like environment is also discussed. From the results of our study, it can be concluded that poly(p-hydroxystyrene) does not exhibit as high a discrimination between exposed and unexposed dissolution rates as does novolac.
Community infection control nurse, South and East Belfast Health and Social ServicesTrust, Knockbracken Health Care Park, Belfast BT8 8BH xploration of the term 'practice development' is required for the discipline of infection control nursing. Improved understanding of the term would allow practitioners to approach practice development in a more constructive and measurable fashion. A concept analysis based on the model of Walker and Avant is therefore presented. The analysis includes the definition of the term 'practice development' and discussion of how it is presented in the literature. Illustrative cases are used to achieve clarification of the concept, culminating in identification of the empirical referents, these being: (1) identified patient need and (2) a change in nursing practice and demonstrably improved care.
E
AbstractDouble-blind peer reviewed paper
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.