The systemic administration of G-CSF plus EPO during the first week after balloon-injury impairs the vascular healing process by increasing the neointimal response and the risk for thrombotic occlusion.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the area under the pressure wave averaged over the cardiac cycle, and therefore depends on pressure wave contour. A generally used rule of thumb to estimate MAP of peripheral arteries in adults is adding one-third of the arterial pulse pressure (PP) to diastolic arterial pressure (DAP). As peripheral pressure wave forms in neonates do not resemble adult peripheral wave forms, it may be expected that this rule of thumb does not hold for neonates. Previously, we found that MAP can be calculated by adding 50% PP to DAP in radial artery waves in neonates. In the present study, we investigated in neonates how MAP in the posterior tibial artery depends on systolic and diastolic pressure and we compared these findings to those found in the radial artery. Forty infants admitted for intensive care were studied. We analyzed 5000 invasively and accurately obtained blood pressure waves in the posterior tibial artery of 20 neonates and another 5000 waves similarly obtained from the radial artery in another group of 20 neonates. We found that MAP in posterior tibial artery waves is well approximated by adding 41.5 +/- 2.0% of PP to DAP, whereas MAP in radial artery waves can be calculated by adding 46.7 +/- 1.7% of PP to DAP. These values are significantly different (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the rule of thumb as used in the adult to find MAP, where 33% PP is added to DAP, does not hold for the newborn. We recommend to calculate MAP in the tibial artery by adding 40% of PP to DAP and in the radial artery by adding 50% of PP to DAP.