A Systemic Combination Therapy with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Plus Erythropoietin Aggravates the Healing Process of Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries

Abstract

The systemic administration of G-CSF plus EPO during the first week after balloon-injury impairs the vascular healing process by increasing the neointimal response and the risk for thrombotic occlusion.

Autologous Peripheral Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells Induced by Erythropoietin Improve Critical Ischemic Limbs

“…5) In particular view of safety concerns, clinical use of the several therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow-or peripheral blood-derived MNCs have been accumulated, however, the superior efficacy of those cell therapies has not yet been achieved. 9,10,[14][15][16] Practical, less-invasive and easily applicable therapeutic angiogenesis remains to be established. Peripheral blood MNC Fig.…”

Endothelial Cell Seeding Fails to Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia Following Arterial Injury in the Rat Carotid Model

“…Circulating endothelial outgrowth cells were isolated as previously described [12]. Briefly, male CD rats (250 gr body weight; Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany) were anaesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/mL; WDT, Garbsen, Germany) and xylazine (20 mg/mL; CP-Pharma, Burgdorf, Germany).…”

“…In this context, we and others have tested an indirect alternative approch using haematopoietic growth factors, e. g. granulocyte (macrophage) colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin, to mobilize the bone marrow pool of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into the circulation early after angioplasty, but the data were inconsistent and rather discouraging [12,13]. Recently, promising results have been reported addressing another alternative approch using coronary stents coated with anti-CD34-antibodies to directly capture the circulating EPCs to the injured arterial bed thus allowing accelerated reendothelialization [14].…”

Mobilizing Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells, a Double Edge Sword

“…In the article in focus, Hack et al evaluated the therapeutic benefit of mobilizing bone marrow cells in a rat model of carotid artery balloon angioplasty [7]. They chose to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells through the combined systemic administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO).…”

“…In fact, the dosage, route of administration, as well as time and duration of delivery of a given compound vary considerably among research reports [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], which is likely to lead to different physiological outcomes. This observation stresses the importance of tightly regulating the use of growth factors and cytokines in order to maximize their therapeutic potential while minimizing deleterious side effects.…”