In the literature on creativity and innovation, there is a tendency to idolize great contributors to the liberal arts as extraordinarily creative individuals. Such ex post facto accounts of 'great men and women' are, however, of limited value for everyday practices in organizations. This paper reports insights from a Swedish project named Artists in Residence (AIRIS) wherein artists, including musicians, painters, actors and directors, dancers and choreographers, collaborated with a regular company or workplace during a ten-month project, aimed at helping the co-workers think in new and creative ways. The study concludes that there are many benefits from making the world of artists and the world of work intersect, but there is also a demand on the participant to fully commit to the project. Even though the culture project was positively received among co-workers, only a limited effect on workplace climate could be reported for the 2005 evaluation, while the 2006 evaluation indicates more positive effects. Still, the amount of texts advocating artists' creative skills and experiences outnumber the cases of actual projects bringing the two groups together. Studies of projects like AIRIS show that there is a great potential in bringing artists into industry.
Direct ink writing is a facile method that enables biological, structural, and functional materials to be printed in three dimensions (3D). To date, this extrusion‐based method has primarily been used to soft materials in a layer‐wise manner on planar substrates. However, many emerging applications would benefit from the ability to conformally print materials of varying composition on substrates with arbitrary topography. Here, a high throughput platform based on multimaterial multinozzle adaptive 3D printing (MMA‐3DP) that provides independent control of nozzle height and seamless switching between inks is reported. To demonstrate the MMA‐3DP platform, conformally pattern viscoelastic inks composed of triblock copolymer, gelatin, and photopolymerizable polyacrylate materials onto complex substrates of varying topography, including those with surface defects that mimic skin abrasions or deep gouges. This platform opens new avenues for rapidly patterning soft materials for structural, functional, and biomedical applications.
This paper examines management practices and perception related to different change projects at AstraZeneca over a period of five years. The main reason for conducting this study was to gain further insight and knowledge concerning aspects of managing change at large pharmaceutical organisations. The empirical data herein is based on interviews with managers at AstraZeneca R&D with regard to aspects of management involvement in different change projects focusing on the merger of Astra and Zeneca. Findings indicate that the merger constitutes a good example of having two change strategies, theories E (programmatic, top down) and O (organisational driven, decentralized) in parallel, but on different organisational levels and in different parts of the change process. The results indicate that this mixture was not a predefined strategy, but a consequence of the different cultures at Astra and Zeneca. To deal with this dilemma, this study suggests that a common and shared language for communicating change strategies is an important factor that might not just increase understanding and acceptance of change processes, but also increase the efficiency of change. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) has evolved as gold standard in the evaluation of wear and especially as regards novel hip implant materials. However, several cup shell materials and articulation types used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) cannot be studied due to poor radiographic visibility of the femoral head (FH). We addressed this problem with use of a point transfer function in the RSA software to indirectly measure FH translations with use of stem markers. In a base examination, the stem marker segment and cup center, as an approximation for the FH center position, were mathematically coupled. Thereafter, in subsequent examinations, we used the point transfer function to calculate FH positions from stem marker positions. To determine the variance of the difference of directly and indirectly measured FH positions, four stem marker configurations were studied in THAs with radiographically visible FHs. For the axis with least variance we also compared directly and indirectly measured translation up to 7 years. Finally, we applied the method in a ceramic‐on‐ceramic (COC) articulation and measured proximal translation up to 7 years and also estimated precision. Vertical translations had the smallest variation between measured and calculated FH position. Directly and indirectly measured vertical FH translation correlated well but indirect measurements had increased variance. Proximal steady‐state penetration rate in uncemented COC THA was −0.003 (SD 0.021) mm/year with 99% precision along the vertical axis measuring 0.34 mm. The point transfer function can be used to measure proximal FH penetration, but with less precision than direct RSA.
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