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This paper identifies seven attributes of robust performance measurement systems by analyzing five performance measurement frameworks and their use of transportation system performance indicators. The attributes are then used to examine three case studies from Europe and the United States to demonstrate the value of performance measurement frameworks for developing and improving sustainable transportation strategies and indicators. The case studies point to important considerations in formulating a robust sustainable transportation strategy at different levels of governance and also indicate the importance of ensuring alignment in an agency's vision, objectives, and monitoring systems. The characteristics of an effective framework for the development of sustainable transportation strategies include a comprehensive sustainability objective, a good connection to the goals and objectives of an agency, and vertical and horizontal integration. In addition, a framework should capture the interactions among variables, reflect stakeholder perspectives, and consider the capabilities and constraints of the agency and should be flexible to foster self-learning.