The object of this study was to review the developments taking place during 1990–2005 regarding the use of quaternary ammonium salts as dye fixing agents for improving the fastness properties of anionic dyes on cellulose fibres. As far as fastness properties are concerned, this review is restricted only to fastness to light, washing and water treatments.
Eight mono-reactive and four bis-reactive 2,3-epoxy/3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl derivatives of quaternary ammonium salts have been synthesised by reacting epichlorohydrin with suitable tertiary amines and diamines. Mono-reactive derivatives also contain cyano and carboxylic groups in addition to 2,3-epoxy/3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl groups. The structures of these quaternary ammonium salts have been characterised using IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic techniques. These quaternary ammonium chlorides have been applied to the cotton fabrics as pretreatments and aftertreatments and promising results have been obtained.Keywords 2,3-epoxypropyl derivative, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl derivative, quaternary ammonium salt
Results and discussionMono-reactive 2,3-epoxypropyl derivatives of quaternary ammonium chloride have been synthesised by Scheme 2 Synthesis of bis-reactive 2,3-epoxypropyl and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl derivatives of quaternary ammonium chloride 2,3-Epoxypropyl derivative Chin.
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