Approximately 100 billion liters of oil is generated per week as waste from restaurants around the country. Because of health, environmental, and economic factors, current methods of disposal are ineffective for disposal of the restaurant oil wastes. In this study we have investigated the ability of Candida bombicola to fermentatively transform the restaurant oil waste into glycolipids called sophorolipids. Batch and fed-batch studies were carried out using oil waste as the lipid feedstock in Erlenmeyer flasks and in a fermentor. Batch fermentation in a fermentor gave the highest yield of sophorolipids of 34 g L-1. Fermentation using oleic acid as control feedstock were also carried out. Batch fermentation in the fermentor using this pure fatty acid gave a highest yield of 42 g L-1. The difference in the sophorolipid yield was attributed to the fatty acid composition of restaurant oil waste.

Preliminary notesIn order to determine seaports value on a particular geographic area, the research of ports is mainly focused on the performance measurement in accordance with the volume of traffic and productivity on a global scale. As links in the transport and logistics chain, ports are continuously adapting to the demands of customers in international trade to achieve an adequate level of competitiveness. It is necessary and indispensable for the ports of Trieste, Koper and Rijeka to cooperate and join their efforts regarding joint competition with the north-west European and the Black Sea ports. The major objective is to determine which one among the three observed North Adriatic ports, is the most competitive transit port for the selected points of destination in the hinterland, taking into consideration multiple types of cargo. In order to achieve the set objective, in this paper the collective competitiveness index is proposed. Keywords: competitiveness; competitiveness index; North Adriatic ports; transportation route Model određivanja konkurentnosti luka i prometnih pravacaPrethodno priopćenje Istraživanja luka radi utvrđivanja njihove važnosti na pojedinom geografskom području uglavnom su usmjerena na mjerenje performansi u skladu s veličinom prometa i produktivnosti u svjetskim razmjerima. Kao karike u prometnom i logističkom lancu, luke se kontinuirano prilagođavaju zahtjevima korisnika u međunarodnoj robnoj razmjeni radi dostizanja adekvatnog stupnja konkurentnosti. Suradnja luka Trst, Kopar i Rijeka potreba je i nužnost kako bi te luke udruženim snagama zajednički mogle konkurirati sjeverozapadnim europskim i crnomorskim

ABSTRACT

The goal of this paper is to show that the implementation of the queuing theory could set an optimal capacity of the port container terminal, or a combination of the number of berths and cranes per berth with the minimum costs for the given traffic. The container terminal is a system composed of a specific number of mutually depending subsystems so the optimal capacity of the terminal is reduced to the calculation of the optimal number of berths. The optimal solution was received by applying a model of total costs, based on the queuing theory. The results are a basis for bringing adequate business decisions. The model is tested on an example of container terminal Brajdica in Port of Rijeka