Miscanthus species are tall perennial rhizomatous grasses with C4 photosynthesis originating from East Asia, and they are considered as important bioenergy crops for biomass production. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. sinensis was developed using embryogenic calli derived from mature seeds. In order to establish a stable system, optimum conditions to obtain highly regenerable and transformation-competent embryogenic calli were investigated, and embryogenic calli were efficiently induced with callus induction medium containing 3 mg L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 25 mM L-proline, at pH 5.7 with an induction temperature of 28°C. In addition, the embryogenic callus induction and regeneration potentials were compared between seven M. sinensis germplasms collected from several sites in Korea, which revealed that the germplasm SNU-M-045 had superior embryogenic callus induction and regeneration potentials. With this germplasm, the genetic transformation of M. sinensis was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 carrying pCAM-BIA1300 with a green fluorescence protein gene as a reporter. After putative transgenic plants were obtained, the genomic integration of transgenes was confirmed by genomic PCR, transgene expression was validated by Northern blot analysis, and the number of transgene integration was confirmed by DNA gel blot analysis. Furthermore, the Agrobacteriummediated transformation of M. sinensis was also performed with pCAMBIA3301 which contains an herbicide resistance gene (BAR), and we obtained transgenic M. sinensis plants whose herbicide resistance was confirmed by spraying with BASTA Ò . Therefore, we have established a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. sinensis, and also successfully produced herbicide-resistant Miscanthus plants by introducing BAR gene via the established method.

Nonclimacteric commodities produce low levels of ethylene yet remain quite sensitive to the growth regulator. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; SmartFresh Quality System), an inhibitor of ethylene action, allows analysis of the effects of endogenous ethylene on the senescence of nonclimacteric commodities during storage. Two commercial cultivars (Thoroughbred and Carlo) of fresh green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were treated with 0.5 μL·L−1 1-MCP followed by storage at 7 °C. 1-MCP was effective in delaying color change, brown spot incidence, and watersoaking in both cultivars. 1-MCP was effective at delaying yellowing as indicated by a decline in surface hue and chroma; however, lightness was not significantly different between control and 1-MCP-treated beans. Respiration in both cultivars was suppressed, but ethylene production was stimulated late during storage in response to 1-MCP. The appearance of brown spot, a surface disorder possibly reflecting low-temperature injury, was delayed by ≈5 days, and the progression of the disorder was reduced in 1-MCP-treated beans. The incidence of watersoaking in ‘Carlo’ was reduced by 50% in 1-MCP-treated compared with control beans. 1-MCP alleviated symptoms of senescence and chill injury of green beans during long-term storage, implicating a role for endogenous ethylene in the senescence of nonclimacteric commodities after harvest.

The very stable title crystals, K3[H6CoMo6O24]·7H2O, that include the well known B‐type Anderson–Evans heteropolyoxometalate, were obtained by recrystallization of powder K3[H6CoMo6O24]·nH2O at pH 3.5. The unit cell consists of two different crystallographically discrete [H6CoMo6O24]3− polyanions. The two anions have the Co atoms at inversion centers and have close to m symmetry, with Co—O bond lengths in the range 1.898 (3)–1.912 (3) Å, Mo—O bond lengths in the ranges 1.700 (4)–1.726 (4), 1.895 (3)–1.960 (3) and 2.259 (3)–2.313 (3) Å.

Lee et al. K 4 [Co(H 2 O) 6 ][Co(C 10 H 12 N 2 O 8)] 2 [Mo 8 O 26 ].6H 2 O m599

In this study, the in vitro effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) in growth reduction against Candia glaebosa, Zygosaccharomyces bisporus, Saccharomycopsis capsularis and Pichia pastoris involving in deterioration of fermented hot pepper paste were studied to assess the applicability of chlorine dioxide to preparation of fermented hot pepper paste, and the concentration of ClO 2 required for destruction of harmful microorganisms through the fumigation of fermented hot pepper paste was evaluated. ClO 2 was treated by using ClO 2 generator for 15 min. C. glaebosa, Z. bisporus and S. capsularis were reduced by ClO 2 concentration dependent and not detected by ClO 2 over 10 ppmV, whereas the P. pastoris was significantly perished by the treatment of ClO 2 over 30 ppmV. We suggest that the ClO 2 fumigation in stages of the preparation, disintegration, and fermentation of the paste made of fermented hot pepper might be useful for control of harmful microbes therein.