An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from October 2010 to March 2011 to study the feasibility of replacing chemical fertilizer by using organic fertilizer in wheat. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments, such as T0: Control condition; T1: All chemical fertilizer as recommended dose; T2: Cowdung as recommended dose; T3: Compost as recommended dose; T4: ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost; T5: Cowdung + Compost; T6: Cowdung + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T7: Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T8: Cowdung + Compost +½ Chemical fertilizer and T9: ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. At 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 (Days After Sowing) DAS, the highest dry matter content plant-1 was recorded from T1 (0.30 g, 3.87 g, 8.84 g, 19.58 g and 30.18 g), whereas the lowest weight from T0 (0.18 g, 2.49 g, 6.50 g, 11.80 g and 18.08 g). At 30-50 DAS, the highest (Crop Growth Rate) CGR was found from T1 (5.35 g m-2day-1), while the lowest CGR from T0 (3.46 g m-2day-1). At 50-70 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T7 (8.34 g m-2day-1), while the lowest CGR from T0 (6.70 g m-2day-1). At 70-90 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T1 (17.89 g m-2day-1), while the lowest CGR from T0 (8.83 g m-2day-1). At 90-110 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T8 (18.69 g m-2day-1), while the lowest CGR from T0 (10.47 g m-2day-1). At 30-50 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T3 (0.134 g g-1 day-1) and the lowest RGR from T5 and T8 (0.127 g g-1 day-1). At 50-70 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T3 (0.049 g g-1 day-1) and the lowest RGR from T9 (0.041 g g-1 day-1). At 70-90 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T3 (0.040 g g-1 day-1) and the lowest RGR from T0 (0.030 g g-1 day-1). At 90-110 DAS, the highest (Relative Growth Rate) RGR was found from T3 (0.026 g g-1 day-1) and the lowest RGR from T0 (0.021 g g-1 day-1). The longest spike (19.86 cm), highest grain yield (3.71 t ha-1) and highest straw yield (5.78 t ha-1) was attained from T1 and the shortest spike (14.33 cm), lowest grain yield (2.06 t ha-1) and lowest straw yield (4.49 t ha-1) from T0.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22032 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 07-10 2013
8 ) were found superior considering all yield contributing characters and yield. At 30 (Days after Sowing) DAS, the longest plant was recorded from T 8 (27.93 cm), while the shortest plant was found in T 0 (23.13 cm). At 50, 70, 90 DAS and harvest the longest plant was recorded from T 1 (52.13 cm, 82.13 cm, 85.93 cm and 95.21 cm), whereas the shortest plant was obtained from T 0 (41.14 cm, 65.84 cm, 70.77 cm and 76.00 cm). At 30, 50, 70, 90 DAS and harvest the maximum number of tillers hill -1 was recorded from T 1 (2.00, 5.64, 6.93, 6.15 and 5.78), whereas the minimum number was found in T 0 (1. 33, 2.87, 4.20, 3.94 and 3.72 ) was recorded from T 0 .
Effectiveness of integrated management approaches using blue sticky trap, pheromone trap, bio and synthetic insecticides were evaluated against major insects, like flower thrips and pod borers of mungbean at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barishal and Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh, respectively, during two consecutive years of 2018 and 2019. All of the management packages significantly reduced flower infestation, thrips population and pod borer infestation in mungbean. The highest percentage of reduction of flower infestation, thrips population and pod borer infestation was found in IPM package-3: installing blue sticky trap + two spraying of chlorfenapyr (Intrepid 10 EC) @ 1 ml/l + third spraying with (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam), i.e. Virtako 40 WG) @ 0.15 g/l, followed by IPM package-1, IPM package-2 and recommended practice (spraying imidacloprid, i.e. Imitaf 20 SL @ 0.5 ml/l). The highest yield was also recorded from IPM package-3, which was statistically similar to IPM package-1, followed by IPM package-2 and recommended practice. Although the IPM package-3 provided the highest yield and return, followed by IPM package-1, but recommended practice (farmer’s practice) gave the highest benefit because of higher cost of IPM components brought down the profit margin of IPM packages. The components of IPM package-1, i.e. biopesticides, are ecologically safer than that of IPM package-3 (synthetic chemical insecticides). So, considering environment friendliness, the IPM package-1: installation of blue sticky trap and pheromone trap + two spraying of azadiractin (Biomeem plus 1EC) @ 1 ml/l + third spraying with spinosad (Success 2.5 EC) @ 1.2 ml/l would be the best package for controlling flower thrips and pod borers of mungbean with higher yield in the insects prone areas, without harming the ecosystem.
Effectiveness of integrated management approaches using blue sticky trap, pheromone trap, bio and synthetic insecticides were evaluated against major insects, like flower thrips and pod borers of mungbean at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barishal and Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh, respectively, during two consecutive years of 2018 and 2019. All of the management packages significantly reduced flower infestation, thrips population and pod borer infestation in mungbean. The highest percentage of reduction of flower infestation, thrips population and pod borer infestation was found in IPM package-3: installing blue sticky trap + two spraying of chlorfenapyr (Intrepid 10 EC) @ 1 ml/l + third spraying with (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam), i.e. Virtako 40 WG) @ 0.15 g/l, followed by IPM package-1, IPM package-2 and recommended practice (spraying imidacloprid, i.e. Imitaf 20 SL @ 0.5 ml/l). The highest yield was also recorded from IPM package-3, which was statistically similar to IPM package-1, followed by IPM package-2 and recommended practice. Although the IPM package-3 provided the highest yield and return, followed by IPM package-1, but recommended practice (farmer’s practice) gave the highest benefit because of higher cost of IPM components brought down the profit margin of IPM packages. The components of IPM package-1, i.e. biopesticides, are ecologically safer than that of IPM package-3 (synthetic chemical insecticides). So, considering environment friendliness, the IPM package-1: installation of blue sticky trap and pheromone trap + two spraying of azadiractin (Biomeem plus 1EC) @ 1 ml/l + third spraying with spinosad (Success 2.5 EC) @ 1.2 ml/l would be the best package for controlling flower thrips and pod borers of mungbean with higher yield in the insects prone areas, without harming the ecosystem.
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