The role of TRP ion channels in the physiological processes is far from clear. In this work we studied the effect of the activation of the peripheral TRPM8 ion channel by its agonist menthol on the cardiovascular parameters in normotensive and hypertensive rats when animals were coming out of anesthesia. The role of the TRPM8 ion channel in the regulation of blood pressure was clearly seen in normotensive animals: Activation of this channel by application of 1% menthol (agonist of TRPM8 ion channel) to skin significantly accelerated the increase in blood pressure and recovery of heart rate when animals come out of anesthesia. The mean rate of pressure rise increased 3 times under the menthol. In hypertensive animals there was weaker and short-time increase in the rate of arterial pressure rise under menthol. Lower sensitivity of hypertensives to menthol is consistent with our previous data on the two fold decrease in the expression of Trpm8 gene in these animals. Recent results evidence that the TRPM8 ion channel is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and this depends on the level of the Trpm8 gene expression. A decrease in the expression of the Trpm8 gene in hypertensives can be a compensatory protection.
The effect of different activation of the skin TRPA1 ion channel on the parameters of the cardiovascular system was studied in rats with hereditary stress-induced hypertension while recovery from anesthesia. The activation of the TRPA1 ion channel was performed by application to skin its agonist -allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in two concentrations 2.5% and 0.5%. The following parameters were measured that characterize the work of the cardiovascular system: Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, blood flow, and tail blood volume. Stimulation of the TRPA1 ion channel by 2.5% AITC resulted in a diminishing rate of increase in blood pressure and a sharp increase in heart rate while recovering from anesthesia. The mean rate of the arterial pressure rise during recovery from anesthesia was 0.4 ± 0.16 mmHg/min compared to 1.4 ± 0.19 mmHg/ min in control (solvent application), P < 0.01. The heart rate increase was 4.7 ± 0.28 beats/min2 compared to 0.6 ± 0.39 beats/min2 in control (P < 0.001). Parameters of blood flow and the tail blood volume were not significantly changed at 2.5% AITC compared to control. The effect of 0.5% AITC on cardiovascular parameters was another. There was no influence on the recovery of arterial pressure and the heart rate, but there was a pronounced acceleration in the recovery of blood flow and tail blood volume after anesthesia. The mean rate for blood flow recovery at 0.5% AITC application was 0.3 ± 0.07 ml/min2 against 0.1 ± 0.05 ml/min2 in control (P < 0.03) and for the tail blood volume was 1.2 ± 0.33 μl/ min against 0.4 ± 0.14 μl/min in control (P < 0.02). Thus, the influence of the skin TRPA1 ion channel on the parameters of the cardiovascular system depends on the degree of its activation. A low level of the TRPA1 stimulation enhanced the blood flow, while a higher level of the TRPA1 activation discouraged to increase in arterial pressure and significantly increased the heart rate. The results suggest the possibility of the therapeutic use of TRPA1 ion channel activation.
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