Primordial baryon-numberAuctuations can be damped at temperatures =20 keV when the photon mean free path becomes larger than the high-density-region length scale. This dissipation process may result in mixing of the highand low-density material on a time scale comparable to or shorter than that of the universal expansion. The nucleosynthesis yields in inhomogeneous cosmologies can be altered by this process for any Ab. Li can be reduced to an abundance consistent with observations of Population II halo stars and the abundances of Be and ' B can be reduced by several orders of magnitude.
A major challenge facing the design and operation of next-step high-power steady-state fusion devices is to develop a viable divertor solution with order-of-magnitude increases in power handling capability relative to present experience, while having acceptable divertor target plate erosion and being compatible with maintaining good core plasma confinement. A new initiative has been launched on DIII-D to develop the scientific basis for design, installation, and operation of an advanced divertor to evaluate boundary plasma solutions applicable to next step fusion experiments beyond ITER. Developing the scientific basis for fusion reactor divertor solutions must necessarily follow three lines of research, which we plan to pursue in DIII-D: (1) Advance scientific understanding and predictive capability through development and comparison between state-of-the art computational models and enhanced measurements using targeted parametric scans; (2) Develop and validate key divertor design concepts and codes through innovative variations in physical structure and magnetic geometry; (3) Assess candidate materials, determining the implications for core plasma operation and control, and develop mitigation techniques for any deleterious effects, incorporating development of plasma-material interaction models. These efforts will lead to design, installation, and evaluation of an advanced divertor for DIII-D to enable highly dissipative divertor operation at core density (n
e/n
GW), neutral fueling and impurity influx most compatible with high performance plasma scenarios and reactor relevant plasma facing components (PFCs). This paper highlights the current progress and near-term strategies of boundary/PMI research on DIII-D.
A congenital cystic disease of the liver, pancreas, and kidney was diagnosed in a 3-week-old female Nubian goat (Cupru hircus). Gross and histologic features were similar to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in humans and to previous reports of juvenile polycystic disorders in several animal species. Grossly, the lesions were confined to the liver and pancreas. The liver was severely enlarged and contained multiple fluid-filled cysts of various sizes. There was tortuous ectasia of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In the pancreas, multiple small cysts were disseminated throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, there was cavernous ectasia of the intra-and extrahepatic biliary system. Dilated intrahepatic biliary channels formed a branching and anastomosing pattern throughout the hepatic parenchyma and were often bordered by fibrous connective tissue. The pancreas had dilation of intra-and interlobular ducts. Renal cortical tubules and collecting ducts were ectatic. Congenital polycystic disorder has not been documented previously in the goat.
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