ABSTRACT

Zingiberaceae is well known as gingers family with abundant numbers of spices widely used in Southeast Asia, because of their unique flavors, ornamental and also the medicinal values. The extracts of Zingiberaceae rhizome contain many essentials oils, including terpenes, alcohols, ketones, flavonoids and phytoestrogens that use as medicine. Zingiberaceae grow vigorously in a wide range of habitats ranging from riverine to the limestone area, from lowland to the upper mountain regions. They often grow in shady area but some of the native species are able to tolerate to the sun exposure. The cultivation of this family was developed widely. Gunung Cut Village is one the villages in Aceh Barat Daya district which cultivated four species of this family: Zingiber officinale, Curcuma domestica, Alpina galanga and Kaempferia galanga. They mainly use for medicinal purposes as it can cure many diseases traditionally.

No abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country that cultivates many types of herbs. Zingiberaceae commonly known as gingers family is an important herb in economic and ornamental plants as well as for traditional uses, this herb is famous for its medicinal value and distributed widely throughout the tropical regions. The research conducted in Banda Aceh province, Indonesia form June to July, 2019. The aim of research wasto identify the morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae that cultivated in Banda Aceh for plant taxonomy. The results obtained that in Banda Aceh mostly cultivated ZingiberofficinaleRosc., Curcuma domesticaVal., Alpiniagalanga L., and Etlingeraelatior L. The parasitic type of stomata showed in all mentioned species. The highest stomatal density on adaxial (AD) was found in Alpiniagalanga L. (228.82 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (32.30 mm−2). The highest stomatal density on abaxial (AB) was found in Etlingeraelatior L. (1.768 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (600.53 mm−2).

Orchids are very famous for their beautiful and long-lasting flowers and variety among the most diverse family of flowering plants in the world, comprising thousand species and hybrids and very attractive. The research aimed to determine the morphological features of two local orchids Phalaenopsis amabilis L. and Dendrobium x Superbiens and the stomatal characteristics of both orchids. Plants were the only living organisms that are able to convert light energy/sunlight into chemical energy, and stomata is an important part of plants for CO­2 to enter the leaf and H­­2O to be released during the photosynthetic reactions. The results showed that Phalenopsis amabilis L. was monopodial orchid and Dendrobium x Superbiensis a sympodial orchid. A qualitative descriptive research method used to describe and interpreted the type of stomata of Phalaenopsis amabilis L and Dendrobium sp. stomatal density were counted on adaxial and abaxial part of the leaf, and the highest stomatal density was obtained on the abaxial part of Dendrobium x Superbiensleaf 290.81 mm­-2. The type of stomata was anomocytic for two local orchids.