Identification of morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae as medicinal plants in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country that cultivates many types of herbs. Zingiberaceae commonly known as gingers family is an important herb in economic and ornamental plants as well as for traditional uses, this herb is famous for its medicinal value and distributed widely throughout the tropical regions. The research conducted in Banda Aceh province, Indonesia form June to July, 2019. The aim of research wasto identify the morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae that cultivated in Banda Aceh for plant taxonomy. The results obtained that in Banda Aceh mostly cultivated ZingiberofficinaleRosc., Curcuma domesticaVal., Alpiniagalanga L., and Etlingeraelatior L. The parasitic type of stomata showed in all mentioned species. The highest stomatal density on adaxial (AD) was found in Alpiniagalanga L. (228.82 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (32.30 mm−2). The highest stomatal density on abaxial (AB) was found in Etlingeraelatior L. (1.768 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (600.53 mm−2).

Morphological characters, pharmacognostical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening of Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorni?k. & N.S.Lý in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam

“…The characteristics of the upper and the lower surface leaf epidermis, and the stomata were observed under the microscope with magnification (40X; Labomed, USA) (Zahara 2020). In addition, for general observations on the distribution of stomata in both epidermal surfaces, the slide was prepared for the determination of the number of stomata for the stomatal index (SI) with 20 replicates.…”

Morphological characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia

“…Zingiberaceae, known as ginger family, is a family of monocotyledon belonging to the Zingiberales order (Saensouk and Saensouk 2021) with about 57 genera and 1600 species globally (Maknoi et al 2021). The family isdistributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Zahara 2020) across Afrika, Asia, and America with the center of diversity in Southeast Asia (Saensouk and Saensouk 2021). Zingiberaceae can be found abundantly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, and Philippines (Zahara 2019).…”

“…The family isdistributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Zahara 2020) across Afrika, Asia, and America with the center of diversity in Southeast Asia (Saensouk and Saensouk 2021). Zingiberaceae can be found abundantly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand, and Philippines (Zahara 2019). The study of Zingiberaceae had been conducted in many regions in Indonesia, such as in South Sumatra (Hutasuhut and Tambunan (2018), Enggano Island (Ardiyani 2015), and Central Java (Setiawan et al 2018;Lianah et al 2020).…”

“…The study of Zingiberaceae had been conducted in many regions in Indonesia, such as in South Sumatra (Hutasuhut and Tambunan (2018), Enggano Island (Ardiyani 2015), and Central Java (Setiawan et al 2018;Lianah et al 2020). However, until now, the number of species of Zingiberaceae in Indonesia is still not known exactly (Zahara 2020).…”

“…The morphological characters have been widely used to help the description and identification of plant in the taxonomy field (Zahara 2020;Hassemer et al 2020). Traditionally, plant taxonomy relies on morphological characters for group division (Viscosi and Cardini 2011) to reveal the development, form and external structure of plants that are useful to study similarity of plants and origin.…”