<p>S1: LBD-ER mutations are expressed at physiologic levels and are E2-independent. S2: LBD-ER lead to an enrichment pathway of ECM degradation S3: High concentrations of E2 do not recapitulate the mutant phenotype in WT-ER expressing cells. S4: LBD-mutations activate the AKT/mTOR pathway. S5: Mitochondrial activity of D538G-ER expressing T47D cells. S6: Glutamine leads to enrichment of specific pathways by 537S-ER.</p>
<p>S1: LBD-ER mutations are expressed at physiologic levels and are E2-independent. S2: LBD-ER lead to an enrichment pathway of ECM degradation S3: High concentrations of E2 do not recapitulate the mutant phenotype in WT-ER expressing cells. S4: LBD-mutations activate the AKT/mTOR pathway. S5: Mitochondrial activity of D538G-ER expressing T47D cells. S6: Glutamine leads to enrichment of specific pathways by 537S-ER.</p>
<div>Abstract<p>MicroRNAs (miR) are small RNA molecules that shape the cell transcriptome and proteome through regulation of mRNA stability and translation. Here, we examined their function as determinants of cell resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To achieve this goal, we compared the expression of microRNAs between complement-resistant and -sensitive K562 leukemia, Raji lymphoma, and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Global microRNA array analysis identified miR-150, miR-328, and miR-616 as regulators of CDC resistance. Inhibition of miR-150 reduced resistance, whereas inhibition of miR-328 or miR-616 enhanced cell resistance. Treatment of K562 cells with a sublytic dose of complement was shown to rapidly increase miR-150, miR-328, and miR-616 expression. Protein targets of these microRNAs were analyzed in K562 cells by mass spectrometry–based proteomics. Expression of the complement membrane regulatory proteins CD46 and CD59 was significantly enhanced after inhibition of miR-328 and miR-616. Enrichment of proteins of mitochondria, known target organelles in CDC, was observed after miR-150, miR-328, and miR-616 inhibition. In conclusion, miR-150, miR-328, and miR-616 regulate cell resistance to CDC by modifying the expression of the membrane complement regulators CD46 and CD59 and the response of the mitochondria to complement lytic attack. These microRNAs may be considered targets for intervention in complement-associated diseases and in anticancer, complement-based therapy.</p></div>
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