Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of renal function and liver enzyme abnormalities among HIV‐infected children, changes in prevalence with time on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and the factors associated with these abnormalities. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among HIV‐infected children < 18 years old (n = 705) who were on first‐line cART. Liver enzymes, renal function, haematology, immunology and virological response were assessed at enrolment and followed bi‐annually for 18 months. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed using noninvasive markers including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis score (FIB‐4). Results The median age was 12 [interquartile range (IQR) 8–14] years; 53.3% of patients were male. At enrolment, the median cART duration was 3.3 (IQR 1.1–6.1) years; 177 (25.1%) and 83 (11.8%) patients had elevated AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), respectively. A tenth of the children had an APRI score > 0.5, suggesting liver fibrosis. Being on a zidovudine (ZDV)‐ or nevirapine (NVP)‐based regimen and having a viral load > 1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL were significantly associated with elevated ALT. Twenty‐four (3.4%) and 84 (12.1%) patients had elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), respectively. As cART duration increased by 6 months, median BUN increased by 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–2.7] mg/dL (P = 0.01); the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased by 35.6 (95% CI 17.7–53.4) mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.0001); and AST and ALT decreased by 1.4 (95% CI 0.4–2.5) IU/L (P = 0.01) and 1.4 (95% CI 0.2–2.6) IU/L (P = 0.01), respectively. Conclusions A high prevalence of liver enzyme and renal function abnormalities was observed at enrolment. Decreasing liver enzyme levels during follow‐up are possibly reassuring, while the progressive reduction in GFR and the increase in BUN are worrisome and require further study.
Introduction globally, one type of contraceptive was used by around 63 percent of women. Women with disabilities account for 10 percent of all women and make up three-quarters of the disabled people in low and middle-income countries. Objective to assess utilization of family planning and associated factors among reproductive-age women with disability group in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from 1st March to April 15, 2019. Methods community-based cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was used to select 4l8 reproductive age women with disabilities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview by eight trained females who completed grade twelve two of which communicate by speaking and sign language. Data were entered using Epi info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A statically significant variable in the final model was declared by AOR, 95%CI and p-value <0.05. Result in the current study family planning utilization among all reproductive-age women with disabilities was 33.7%. Family planning utilization was 2.2 times higher among those who have employed compared with those with not employed (AOR2.2 95% CI, 1.77- 4.15). Women who had a positive attitude were 2.3 times more likely to use family planning than negative attitudes (AOR 2.3:95% CI, 1.21- 3.87). Besides these women who got married were almost four times more likely to use family planning methods than unmarried (AOR 3.9:95% CI, 2.31-6.63). Conclusion The level of family planning utilization was low among reproductive women with disabilities and factors associated were attitude, marital status, & employed status, therefore governmental and non-governmental organization should promote for women with disabilities to change the attitude and creating job opportunities.
Pre‐eclampsia is estimated to cause 70 000 maternal death globally every year, with the majority of deaths in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In Ethiopia, pre‐eclampsia causes 16% of direct maternal deaths. Despite the high burden of disease, pre‐eclampsia remains poorly studied in low and middle‐income countries. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women attending hospitals in the Omo district of Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. Logistic regression analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the independent variable and pre‐eclampsia. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) excluding 1 in the multivariable analysis was considered to identify factors associated with pre‐eclampsia at a p‐value of <0.05. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre‐eclampsia were primary relatives who had a history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06‐4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07‐5.20), preterm gestation (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.32), and pre‐conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1‐15.4). The study identified that a family history of chronic illnesses and diabetes mellitus, preterm gestation, and smoking exposure before conception were the risk factors for pre‐eclampsia. Presumably, addressing the identified risk factors may give further insight into where interventions and resources should be focused, as well as having an understanding of the burden of disease.
Background. It is estimated that more than 142 million married women in developing countries have an unmet need for family planning. This study is aimed at identifying factors associated with the unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Toke Kutaye district, Ethiopia in 2019. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toke Kutaye district from March 1–30, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 494 reproductive-age women who were married during data collection. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with the unmet need of family planning at 95% CI with a p value of ≤ 0.05. Result. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning in the Toke Kutaye district was 23.1% [95% CI (19.2-26.7)], with 15.2% for spacing and 7.9% for limiting. Women’s education [AOR, 3.64, 95% CI: 1.43-9.25], number of living children [AOR, 2.63, 95% CI: 1.37-5.05], husband disapproval of family planning [AOR, 3.68, 95% CI: 2.20-6.16], and discussion with healthcare providers on family planning [AOR, 0.20, 95% CI: 0.13-0.37] were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. Conclusion. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was high. Therefore, program managers, partners, and health workers should work to address the gaps in maternal education, the number of living children, partner disapproval of family planning, and discussion on family planning issues through enhancing female education, awareness on family planning, and male involvement in family planning services.
Background: Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. However, research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. On the other hand, women who had a history of pre-eclampsia are at an increased risk of vascular disease. Considering that the multifactorial nature of pre-eclampsia in a remote health setting, knowledge of risk factors of preeclampsia gives epidemiological significance specific to the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal service in Omo district Hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among women visiting for perinatal service in Omo District public hospitals between February to August 2018. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed to examine the effect of the independent variable on preeclampsia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 window compatible software. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia were primary relatives who had history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06-4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.20), preterm gestation(AOR = 1.56, 95%CI, 1.05-2.32), and pre-conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95%CI, 1.1-15.4). Conclusions: The study identified the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Early detection and timely intervention to manage pre-eclampsia, and obstetric care providers need to emphasize women at preterm gestation and a history of smoking before pregnancy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.