The most common soft tissue bulge in the hand and wrist is a ganglion cyst. Any age group can develop ganglion cysts, although they are seen more frequently in those in their 20s to 40s. Aside from enlargement, most ganglion cysts are painless. The majority of patients sought guidance and therapy because they felt self-conscious about their ganglion's appearance or were frightened that it was a cancerous growth. The management options of ganglion cyst range from reassurance and nonsurgical therapies to surgical removal. To review and evaluate the management options that were presented in the published literature. PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys were used in the mesh (("ganglion cyst"[Mesh]) AND ("management"[Mesh]) OR ("surgery"[Mesh])). Nonsurgical treatments are associated with a relatively high failure rate and about half of the ganglions in general resolved spontaneously. Therefore, a conservative approach to ganglions is frequently considered useless but the complications, on the other hand, were found to be modest. Nevertheless, surgical excision is currently widely regarded as the most successful treatment method and is considered the gold standard approach.
Radiations are extensively used for diagnostic imaging and treatment. The primary health concern for healthcare facilities is radiation safety. Patients, physicians, and staff in numerous fields, including radiology, interventional cardiology, and surgery, are concerned about radiation safety due to their increased risk of occupational exposure. Occupational exposure is the outcome of radiation exposure at work. Radiation from diagnostic imaging modalities such as computed tomography, mammography, and nuclear imaging are a modest contributor to the healthcare workers' cumulative dose exposures. Any scattered radiation exposure can be dangerous for patients and medical personnel. In order to lessen the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation, radiation protection is critical to prevent unneeded radiation exposure. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about occupational exposure of scatter radiation and proper protective methods. Fluoroscopic imaging, which employs x-rays to produce dynamic and cinematic functional imaging, is the source of the majority of radiation exposure in medical settings. Healthcare workers are exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation during various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Chronic exposure to low doses of radiation can have many negative effects on human health, such as cataracts and, among the most serious an increased risk of certain types of cancer. The hazards of radiation exposure among healthcare workers are well-documented in literature. To lower radiation exposure, protective equipment is vital. A lead apron, thyroid shield, and lead glasses are essential parts of protective equipment. Implementation of the guidelines for safety and protection from radiation are needed.
The study aimed to summarize the updated evidence regards, Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Acute compartment syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a condition in which pressure builds up inside a closed osteofascial compartment, impairing local circulation. Early diagnosis and treatment are credited with the best outcomes following Acute Compartment Syndrome. The severity of compartment syndrome varies from mild to severe. Fasciotomies should be performed very soon if the patient have acute compartment syndrome. The treatment of late compartment syndrome (delayed or missing diagnosis) is more problematic. Long duration of acute compartment syndrome without treatment can cause irreversible damage that’s why early intervention is a must, non-operative measurement is preferred if possible, to prevent any surgical complications, however if surgery is needed it must be performed with Two-incision fasciotomy being the most used method.
The incidence of acetabular fractures in the elderly population is increasing due to preexistingosteoporosis and falls or low-energy trauma. However, the prognosis of acetabular fractures in the elderly are generally poorwhen compare it with those in young patients. Therefore, the proper initial management options are critical, as early failures and subsequent salvage surgery can be accompanied by significant morbidity.This is the case report with detailed history, examination of 80 years-old female patient with bilateral acetabular fracture combined left femur neck fracture.
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