Objective:
To compare the psychological resilience and anxiety levels of patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and healthy pregnant women.
Materials and Methods:
A sociodemographic data form and the Resilience scale for Adults (RSA) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered. The sociodemographic data form was completed by the physician, and the RSA and STAI were completed by the participant. The sample of the study consisted of 60 pregnant women with HG and hospitalized and 97 healthy voluntary pregnant women with similar characteristics to the research group without any pregnancy complications. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses, the independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Results:
The age range was 18-42 years for HG group and 20-43 years for control group. The average age of the HG group was 28.17±5.96 years and that of the control group was 29.45±5.83 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pregnancy week. Regarding the prevalence of state and trait anxiety between the groups, it was found that 66.7% of the HG group had a high level of trait anxiety and 51.7% had a high level of state anxiety. It was found that 61.9% of the control group had a high level of trait anxiety and 38.1% had a high level of state anxiety. There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety (p=0.125). It was found that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of only sub-dimensions of RSA, which were perception of self (U=2385.00, p=0.044) and perception of future (U=2350.50, p=0.030). The perception of self and perception of future scores of the healthy control group were higher.
Conclusion:
There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety. It was observed that the HG group had a lower perception of self and future. Apart from the usual increase in anxiety levels during pregnancy, HG accompanied by stubborn nausea and vomiting does not create an extra psychological burden, either as a cause or a result.
Öz Bu çalışmanın amacı madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ve olmayan genç yetişkinleri benlik saygıları ve yetiştikleri aile ortamları açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Anne ve babadan algılanan kabul-ret ve çocuk yetiştirme stilleri açısından ayırt edici faktörlerin neler olduğunun bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Ankara Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezi (AMATEM) Kliniğinde yatarak ve ayakta tedavi gören, yaşları 15-25 arasında değişen (Ort. = 20.9) 140 (129'u erkek, 11'i kadın) madde kullanım bozukluğu olan genç yetişkin ve demografik özellikler açısından eşleştirilmiş 146 (140'ı erkek, 6'sı kadın) madde kullanım bozukluğu olmayan katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, demografik bilgileri içeren Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Ebeveyn Kabul-Red/Kontrol Ölçeği (EKRÖ/K) ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği (ÇYSÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan katılımcıların karşılaştırma grubuna göre, hem annelerinden hem de babalarından anlamlı olarak daha fazla ret, daha fazla kontrol; daha az kabul/ilgi ve daha fazla sıkı denetim/kontrol algıladıkları bulunmuştur. Gruplar benlik saygısı açısından karşılaştırıldığında, madde kullanım bozukluğu olan katılımcıların benlik saygısı puanlarının karşılaştırma grubundan daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Çocuk yetiştirme stilleri açısından gruplar karşılaştırıldığında, madde kullanım bozukluğu olan genç yetişkinlerin ebeveynlerinin her ikisini de otoriter olarak algıladıkları görülmüştür. Ebeveyn kabul-reddinin, çocuk yetiştirme stillerinin, aile ortamının ve benlik saygısının genç yetişkinlerdeki madde kullanım bozukluğunda önemli faktörler olduğu görülmüştür.
Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare individuals with and without alcohol dependence in terms of forgiveness, shame, and guilt. A further purpose was to investigate the association of shame and guilt with alcohol dependence.
Methods: Fifty-five individuals with and 55 without alcohol dependence (based on ICD-10 criteria) were compared using the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), and Trait Shame and Guilt Scale (TSGS).
Results: Individuals with alcohol dependence showed a significantly lower level of self-forgiveness, pride and a significantly higher level of both shame and guilt than the non-alcohol dependent group in the univariate analysis. However, only guilt was related to the presence of alcohol dependence in the multivariate analysis. Self-forgiveness was negatively correlated with both shame and guilt in the alcohol-dependent individuals, but not among individuals without alcohol use problems.
Conclusions: The findings of this study support the importance of the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt in alcohol dependence, together with self-forgiveness. These psychological states should be considered in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
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