Evaluation of psychological resilience and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis and comparison with healthy pregnant women

Abstract

Objective: To compare the psychological resilience and anxiety levels of patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and healthy pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A sociodemographic data form and the Resilience scale for Adults (RSA) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered. The sociodemographic data form was completed by the physician, and the RSA and STAI were completed by the participant. The sample of the study consisted of 60 pregnant women with HG and hospitalized and 97 healthy voluntary pregnant women with similar characteristics to the research group without any pregnancy complications. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses, the independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The age range was 18-42 years for HG group and 20-43 years for control group. The average age of the HG group was 28.17±5.96 years and that of the control group was 29.45±5.83 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pregnancy week. Regarding the prevalence of state and trait anxiety between the groups, it was found that 66.7% of the HG group had a high level of trait anxiety and 51.7% had a high level of state anxiety. It was found that 61.9% of the control group had a high level of trait anxiety and 38.1% had a high level of state anxiety. There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety (p=0.125). It was found that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of only sub-dimensions of RSA, which were perception of self (U=2385.00, p=0.044) and perception of future (U=2350.50, p=0.030). The perception of self and perception of future scores of the healthy control group were higher. Conclusion: There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety. It was observed that the HG group had a lower perception of self and future. Apart from the usual increase in anxiety levels during pregnancy, HG accompanied by stubborn nausea and vomiting does not create an extra psychological burden, either as a cause or a result.

The mediating effect of resilience on pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety in pregnant women

“…This study concluded that the psychological resilience of pregnant women had an intermediary role in regulating pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety. Emotion can be regulated by psychological resilience (39,40). Good psychological resilience can produce positive emotions, so that pregnant women can effectively reduce the impact of stress on negative emotions (41,42).…”

Modification of the association between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and anxiety by personality trait during early pregnancy: A longitudinal study of Japanese pregnant women

“…Our study did not show an association between trait anxiety, which indicates the personality of the individual, and the degree of NVP. Previous studies involving patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and healthy pregnant women also reported no significant differences in STAI-T scores between them (Aksu et al, 2020;Elmas et al, 2021). In addition, Bozzo et al (2011) prospectively studied 57 pregnant women from 8 weeks of pregnancy to postpartum, and found no association between NVP and depressive symptoms.…”

“…Several studies have examined the association between anxiety and depression and NVP, including hyperemesis gravidarum (Beyazit & Sahin, 2018; Bozzo et al, 2011; Elmas et al, 2021; Kjeldgaard et al, 2017; Taguchi et al, 2022; Yilmaz et al, 2016). Some studies have reported an association between NVP and anxiety or depression (Beyazit & Sahin, 2018; Taguchi et al, 2022; Yilmaz et al, 2016), whereas others have shown no association (Bozzo et al, 2011; Elmas et al, 2021; Kjeldgaard et al, 2017). One reason for the inconsistent results is that the gestational weeks at which the participants were studied varied across studies or even within a study.…”

“…Some studies have found an association between mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, in early pregnancy and NVP, including hyperemesis gravidarum (Beyazit & Sahin, 2018; Taguchi et al, 2022; Yilmaz et al, 2016), while others have found no such association (Bozzo et al, 2011; Elmas et al, 2021; Kjeldgaard et al, 2017). In addition, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear.…”

Psychologic Sequelae in Early Pregnancy Complications

“…60 Contrary to the studies above, Burak et al found that the incidence rate of trait anxiety and state anxiety were 66.7% and 51.7%, respectively; however, in terms of anxiety, there was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group. 61 Similarly, a comparative crosssectional study in Malaysia also found that there were no differences in the incidence rate of any anxiety and depressive disorder among the HG patient and the comparative group, but women with HG statistically significantly reported to have more depressive symptoms than controls. 62 Therefore, the ascertainment of the psychological status of HG women still needs more evidence to support.…”