Oxytocin plays an important role in the regulation of parturition as this peptide hormone promotes uterine smooth muscle contractility in gravid women undergoing labor. Here, we review the impact of Pitocin administration on behavioral outcomes in the pediatric population. Pitocin is a synthetic preparation of oxytocin widely used in the obstetric practice for the management of labor and postpartum hemorrhage. We begin by tracing the neuroanatomy of oxytocin-containing cells from an evolutionary perspective and then summarize key findings on behavioral and neural activity reported from offspring dosed with Pitocin during vaginal delivery. Finally, we discuss future directions that are experimentally tractable for understanding the developmental consequences of Pitocin administration on a small but growing subset of children worldwide. Given that fetal past experiences can shape the future behavior of the adult, further work on oxytocin signaling pathways will provide valuable references and insights for early-brain development and state-dependent regulation of behavioral outcome.
Purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of eye disorders presenting to the eye clinic of Damnhour, Behira Eye Hospital. Introduction: Epidemiological studies provide information on the prevention, treatment, and minimization of the impact of diseases on the society. Subjects and Methods: During November 2016 to December 2016, all patients who presented to Damnhour, Behira Eye Hospital suffering from ocular diseases other than refractive errors were included in this study.6252 patients were examined and evaluated for different eye diseases. Results: Conjunctival diseases were the most common disorders seen (33.7 %), followed by eye lid and lacrimal system diseases (27.4 %) and cataract (25.2 %). Conclusion: The most common causes of ocular morbidity in patients seen at Damnhour, Behira Eye Hospital were conjunctivitis, blepharitis, chalazia. These morbidities were preventable through community proper eye health education and proper hygiene. Cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment in elders. Proper intervention was needed to avoid visual impairment and blindness.
Tumors of salivary glands are uncommon and comprise of about 2%–4% of all head and neck tumors. About 75%–80% of these tumors are benign and include pleomorphic adenoma, monomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, and papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands, representing 5–10% of all salivary gland tumors. Although known to be metastatic to local lymph nodes, distant metastases are rare (especially, with low and intermediate grade tumors). Histologic grade and the expression of various mucin glycoproteins are useful prognostic indicators. We present a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland origin with distant metastases which is an uncommon occurrence with intermediate grade tumors. Also, this is the first reported case of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy secondary to mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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