Objective: Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among women. The need for counseling for different menstrual disorders is not well-documented.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual problems amongst Beni-Suef University students during the previous 6 months and detect what menstrual disorders required counseling more often. Methods: A total of 1,519 students representing 28 different faculties of Beni-Suef University were included. To assess their menstrual disorders during the previous 6 months, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the university student. The questionnaire included questions about the most common complaints before and during menstruation. Other demographic and gynecological characters and the need for counseling were also investigated.Results: The mean age of the participating university students was 20.9 ± 1.7 years. The mean age of their first menarche was 12.9 ± 1.4 years while their average menstrual flow days was 5.1 ± 1.4. Throughout the previous 6 months, 22.1% of the investigated university students reported counseling due to at least 1 menstrual disorder. Before the menstruation, irritation (48.8%) and fatigue (40.9%) were the most reported symptoms and associated with high rates of counseling while dysmenorrhea (94.1%) and acne flare (49.2%) were very common during menses. Students with menstrual cycles exceeding 28 days and those who experienced breast tenderness, abdominal bloating, and insomnia were statistically more likely to resort to counseling (p < .05).Conclusions: Menstrual disorders, especially dysmenorrhea, are very common among students in Beni-Suef University, however, the necessity of counseling varied widely according to the complaint.Recommendations: Further studies should focus on the barriers to counseling for menstrual disorders.

Background: providing teaching programs to mothers is very important and will improve their knowledge and practice regarding diarrhea prevention among children which reduces mortality and morbidity. Aim: To evaluate the effect of video-assisted structured teaching programs on mothers' knowledge and practices regarding diarrhea prevention among children less than five years. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in the current study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Medical Pediatric Outpatient Clinics at Sohag University Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of ( 410) mothers was recruited in the study. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used: (I) structured interviewing questionnaire, (II) knowledge assessment tool, and (III) reported practice assessment tool. Results: The results of the present study indicated that statistically significant improvements were found in mothers' total knowledge and practice regarding diarrhea prevention among children less than five years post video-assisted structured teaching program. Conclusion: The current study concluded that videoassisted structured teaching program has found to be positively affected on improving mothers' knowledge and practices level regarding diarrhea prevention among children less than five years. Recommendations: It is very important to apply a video-assisted structured teaching program for mothers of children less than five years concerning diarrhea prevention to promote and improve their knowledge and practices.

Nursing activities and caring should be superior in spinal cord injury rehabilitation, in order to teach care to the family and the patient, nurses should have enhanced knowledge and skills about spinal cord injury and prevention of complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a training program for nurses on rehabilitation of clients with spinal cord injuries. Design: A quasi-experimental study design. Setting: The study was conducted at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Rheumatology Center. Sample: A purposive sample, it targeted all rehabilitation nurses in the studied center, with total number was 100 nurses. Tools: Data were collected by using two tools: I-a structural Questionnaire to collect data about demographic characteristics of the studied nurses, II-knowledge regarding Rehabilitation nursing, Spinal cord injuries, Dysreflexia and pressure ulcer. The second tool was an observational Checklist: to assess nurses' performance. Results: The study findings indicated that; Near two thirds of the studied nurses had a total score satisfactory knowledge regard rehabilitation nursing, increased to 100% after training, the differences observed were statistically significant, meanwhile less than half of nurse's had total satisfactory performance of selected rehabilitation nursing skills pre training was raised to 92% after training the differences observed were statistically significant. Conclusion: the study concluded that, training of rehabilitation nurses positively affected their knowledge and performance for caring of patients with statistically significances. Recommendations: The study recommended that, planning of continuous and efficient training programs for nurses on rehabilitation nursing skills. Further researches to be carried out to study other approaches to promote rehabilitation nurses care of spinal cord injuries patients such as; sexuality counseling, pain management and muscular exercises.

Background: Urogenital infection is generally regarded as a silent epidemic. It is one of the major public health problems among women that causes a considerable proportion of gynecological morbidity and maternal mortality in developing countries. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an educational program on women’s knowledge and practices about urogenital infection. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study and was implemented at El Hadaka Maternity and Children’s Hospital (MCH) in Fayoum, Egypt. A purposive sample consisting of 50 women with ages ranging from 30 to 45 years old was considered for this study. Two tools were used to conduct this study: a structured interview questionnaire consisting of the respondents’ demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices regarding urogenital infection and a scale that aimed to assess their lifestyle. Results: The results revealed that 96% of the women have unsatisfactory knowledge about urogenital infection during the pre-intervention stage, 94% of them have satisfactory knowledge post-intervention, and 90% of them have satisfactory knowledge at follow-up, with a highly statistically significant difference at p-value < 0.01. The results also showed that 82% of the respondents have unsatisfactory practices at pre-intervention, 96% have satisfactory practices at post-intervention, and 98% of them have satisfactory practices at follow-up, with a highly statistically significant difference at p-value < 0.01. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in women's knowledge and practices related to urogenital infection post-intervention and at follow-up with a p-value < 0.01. Likewise, a high positive correlation between total lifestyle, level of knowledge, and practices was noted during the pretest with a p-value < 0.01. There is a need to provide different educational programs regarding knowledge and self-care practices for women with urogenital infection in different women's care settings.

Background: Most stroke survivors will be cared for by family caregivers with limited training. Families actively involved in care feel more prepared for the new responsibilities of caring for the stroke survivor. Empowerment and self-efficacy are critical, yet they are frequently overlooked. This study aims to evaluate the effect of family centered empowerment model on stroke patients and their care givers. Methods: In this work, a quasi-experimental design was adopted. This research was carried out in the Nasr City Insurance Hospital's ICU. The study comprised fifty stroke patients and fifty of their caregivers from the previous context. Tools: Pre-test data were collected using two socio-demographic data sources for patients and caregiver, as well as three questionnaire instruments for self-efficacy and burden level. The researched subject was given an empowerment intervention, after which post-test data was obtained. Results: The findings reveal that there was a substantial change in self-efficacy categories before and after empowerment among the patients and caregivers tested. Pre-empowerment, all caregivers had a severe burden level, but after empowerment, two-thirds of them have a low to moderate burden level. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, caregivers' self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived threat, and finally burden levels can be increased, facilitating the path to healthy ageing and being healthy during this period, by using a family-based empowerment model on a regular and consistent basis. Recommendation:The study advised that empowerment programs be designed to equip people and their caregivers to participate in activities, particularly in the early stages.

Background: Urogenital infection is generally regarded as a silent epidemic. It is one of the major public health problems among women that causes a considerable proportion of gynecological morbidity and maternal mortality in developing countries. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an educational program on women’s knowledge and practices about urogenital infection. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study and was implemented at El Hadaka Maternity and Children’s Hospital (MCH) in Fayoum, Egypt. A purposive sample consisting of 50 women with ages ranging from 30 to 45 years old was considered for this study. Two tools were used to conduct this study: a structured interview questionnaire consisting of the respondents’ demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices regarding urogenital infection and a scale that aimed to assess their lifestyle. Results: The results revealed that 96% of the women have unsatisfactory knowledge about urogenital infection during the pre-intervention stage, 94% of them have satisfactory knowledge post-intervention, and 90% of them have satisfactory knowledge at follow-up, with a highly statistically significant difference at p-value < 0.01. The results also showed that 82% of the respondents have unsatisfactory practices at pre-intervention, 96% have satisfactory practices at post-intervention, and 98% of them have satisfactory practices at follow-up, with a highly statistically significant difference at p-value < 0.01. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in women's knowledge and practices related to urogenital infection post-intervention and at follow-up with a p-value < 0.01. Likewise, a high positive correlation between total lifestyle, level of knowledge, and practices was noted during the pretest with a p-value < 0.01. There is a need to provide different educational programs regarding knowledge and self-care practices for women with urogenital infection in different women's care settings.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a multi-disorder which disturbs ability of child to move, sustain posture and balance. Quality of life is increasingly recognized as a major factor in determining a child's health and well-being. There are many ways to enhance the quality of life for children with (CP), such as empowering the caregivers. Aim: to evaluate the effect of empowerment program for caregivers on quality life of children with cerebral palsy. Design: A quasi-experimental research design (one group pre/posttest) was conducted at neurology out-patient clinic of Children Hospital at Ain shams University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample consisted of 75 children and their caregivers at the previously mentioned setting. Tools: Four tools were used as children and their caregivers' demographic characteristics, activity of daily living, child quality of life inventory and family empowerment scale. Results: revealed that 74.7% of the studied children were partially dependent at total activities, while 50.7% of them were independent at post program, detected through p value <0.01. Also, revealed that there was slight significant difference related to physical, emotional and social function at pre and post program at p value <0.05. But, there was no significant difference between mean score at pre and post program related school function at p value >0.05. Conclusion: There was high significant difference between mean scores at pre and post empowerment program for caregivers of children with cerebral palsy at p value <0.01. Empowerment program for caregivers had positive effect on quality life of their children. Recommendation: Preparing continuous empowerment program for caregivers of children suffered from cerebral palsy.

The term "musculoskeletal pain" here refers to work-related injuries that lasted more than a day, affected daily activities, and happened during work hours. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of occupational health program for high risk of musculoskeletal pain among primary school teachers. Design: A quasi-experimental design Settings: This study was conducted at four governmental preparatory schools, for boys and girls were located in the El Waily Zone at El-Abbassia District, Cairo Governorate. Sample: A purposive sample was used to conduct this study. The total sample size included 93 teachers (44 teachers from Esmail Elkabani, & El Salam school and 49 from Ghamra, & El Abbassia preparatory school), they were chosen according to inclusion &exclusive criteria. Tools: Four tools were used in the present study included a self administered questionnaire to assess teachers" general characteristics, an observational checklist was used for assessing the body posture and workstation layout, teachers" practices toward ergonomics exercises, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and anthropometric measurement to assess body mass index. Results: The results shows that 44.6% of primary school teachers their age started from 30 and above with the mean ±SD36.4±2.6 , 58.5% of them were male and 78.7% of the studied teachers were suffering from musculoskeletal pain .There was a highly statistically significant differences among primary school teachers according to their total satisfactory knowledge about skeletal pain. The same results indicates that there was a highly statistically significant differences between the study sample according to their total practices pre & post program at P <0.001 with positive relation between teachers total knowledge in relation to their total practices pre &post program implementation. Conclusion: The occupational health program had a statistically significant improvement in primary school teacher"s knowledge and practices at post program phases compared to pre program implementation. Recommendations: Increase the awareness of work-related musculoskeletal pain prevention and management among primary school teachers and apply ergonomics training program aiming to maintaining optimal posture and teach of them how to avoid/decrease MSDs while working at school through the role of school health nurse.