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Entomology Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, Sea-water, magnetic, ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride , Pectinophora gossypiella, and survived, fecundity and longevityThis study investigated the effects of four compounds included Sea-water (compound-1), Seawater +magnetic + traces of (mixture ) pure ferrous sulphate (FeSo4. 7 H2O) and ferric chloride (Fe cl3. 6H2O) 1:1 (compound-2), Seawater +magnetic+ full saturation with mixture 1:1(compound-3), and match ( IGR(compound-4), on survival, and reproductive parameters of Pectinophora gossypiella, The results showd that the mortality percentages and fecundity of P. gossypiella were signifcantly afected by all treatments. In females or male , the longevity was decreased when females were exposed to (compound-2 and 3) , while, this period prolongated when treated with Match. The treatments declined significantly the times of adults longevity to 13.3, 10.0, 8.0 and 18.9 days/ female and 9.6, 7.3, 4.3 and 13.0 days / male, respectively, when the adults of P. gossypiella treated with the different compounds of Sea-water, Seawater +magnetic + traces of mixture 1:1, Seawater +magnetic+ full saturation with mixture 1:1and match (IGR), respectively, compared to 14.5days/ untreated female and 11.3 days/ untreated males.At the same times, the total eggs laid /female and hatchability percentages in adults fed on all treatments were highly significantly affected compared with the untreated adults. These data indicated that the high reduction in eggs laid by females was estimated by 68.57 and 60.73 % with Seawater + magnetic+ full saturation with mixture 1:1 and Seawater + magnetic+ traces of mixture 1:1, against, followed by 46.3% with IGR compared with control.At the same trend, was noticed in hatchability percentages.

Under laboratory conditions, the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.) pupal stage of laboratory strain were exposed to three magnetic levels (2.0, 10.0 & 24 mt) and half recommended compound of radiant, to study some aspects of the pest act in biological and biochemical assays as affected by the treatments used.The results showed that the exposed of one-day old pupae for the three MFs and Radiant (compound) elongated the pupal duration of E .insulana compared with control. The pupal durations were 9.6 , 12.6and 11.3 days/ pupae when exposed to three magnetic levels (2.0, 10.0 & 24.0 mt), respectively, and 12.6 days/ pupae with Radiant, compared with 8.3 days in control. The adults' emergence percentages were decreased to 89, 86, 77.0 and 67 % for three magnetic fields (MFs) and Radiant, respectively, compared with 98% for control.Data obtained of E. insulana adult resulted from pupal stage treated with MFs or Radiant, revealed that increasing in pre-oviposition and post-oviposition period in the all treatments used; but the vice direction happened with oviposition period. It were 9.3, 7.3 5.6 and 8.2 compared with 12.5 days in control.At the same times, the total eggs laid /female and hatchability percentages in adults resulted from all treatments were highly significantly affected compared with the untreated adults. These data indicated that the high decreased in number of eggs laid by females was estimated by 116.0, 79.9 and 132.0eggs, when exposed to magnetic power (MF2 &3) (10.0 & 24.0 mt), and radiant, respectively, compared to 216.0 eggs in control. In addition to the above, when sequence treatment adult resulted from pupal stage treated with 10.0mt (MF1) to a same power magnetic or fed on sequence fed on half recommend radiant cussed high reduction in number of eggs laid by females approximately from 2 to 4 times than control. some biochemical analyzes were performed to determine the som biochemical effect of the magnetic field on adults of E. insulana. The results showed high decreased estimated in levels of some key biochemical such as total proteins, total lipid and total carbohydrates contents that may be reflect the decrease in activities, also led to reduction in total eggs laid and decreasing in longevity adults.

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net

No abstract

Laboratory trails were conducted to determine the effectiveness of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) compared to the chitin synthesis, nomolt and bio-insecticide, emacte compounds against the first instar larvae of Earias insulana. Toxicity effect of the tested compounds on the first instar larvae with some biological aspects and chemical analysis were studied. The results revealed that LC 50s were 7.593, 29.32 and 0.536 ppm, when newly hatched larvae of E. insulana treated with (ZnONPs), nomolt and emacte, respectively. Obtained data also indicated an increase in larval duration to 20, 25, 23.3and 18.0 days, for the aforementioned compounds, respectively, compared to 13.96 days for control. All treatments prolonged pupal periods compared to control, and caused highly reduction in the weight of larva and pupa stages, (ZnONPs) treatment was the most efficient in this matter as it resulted 91.1% and 93.73% reduction in larval and pupal weight, respectively, compared to control. The reduction in larval and pupal weight led to increase in the malformation and mortality percentages which recorded 77, 79 &74 % for, ZnONPs, nomolt and emacte treatments, respectively. According to biochemical analysis, all treatments reduced the level of the important total soluble protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents which play an important in the physiological, metamorphosis and developmental process of E. insulana during immature stages. In addition, (ZnONPs) and emacte treatments caused a high decrease in phenoloxidase which necessary in melanin production in cuticle formation, N-acetyl-glucosamine and chitinase activity. On contrast the chitinase activity was increased (1.5 times) approximatily in case of nomolt, treatment as compared to control.

In this study, experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the exposure of pupal stage (24 h old) of Pectinophora gossypiella and Earias insulana to power supply magnetic flux (MF) of level 180mlli-tesla for different times (2, 6 and 12 minutes) and its latent effect on emerged adults. Results showed that a direct effect on exposed pupae caused a percent of pupal mortality in both insects that increased by the increase of exposure time. Data recorded a significant elongation in the pupal duration of both insects, as a result of magnetic exposure with more efficiency for 12min. exposure followed 6min. exposure and no observed effect for 2min. exposure. Data also indicated a high reduction in the percent of emerged adults resulted from magnetized pupae in contrast the percent of adult malformed was highly increased in comparison with control. The reduction in adult emergence and malformed percent was increased by the increase of exposure time in case of P. gossypiella treatment while, the process is reversed for E. insulana. A high reduction in numbers of eggs laid by females resulted from (12 and 6min.) MFs exposure was also reported differs to the slight effect of (2min.) MFs exposure for both P. gossypiella and E. insulana, in comparison with control. In addition a high reduction in egg hatchability percentages was also recorded with more efficiency on E. insulana especially in12 min. MFs exposure compared to control.

In this experiment, new technologies used to study the effects of two magnetic levels on longevity, fecundity and some biochemical parameters of Earias insulana adults. Two magnetic levels were used to produce a high magnetic field, (MF1) = (20.8 mt. in lower and 1.3 mt. in center jars) and another low, (MF2 = (2.1 mt in lower and 1.21mt in center) compared with non exposed adults (control). The results demonstrated that the total eggs laid /female and hatchability in exposed adults were highly significantly affected compared with control. Mean numbers of eggs laid/female were 77.0 and 109.6, when adults were exposed to MF1 and MF2, respectively, compared with 175.0 eggs/ female in control. The percentages of eggs hatchability were 49.6 and 79%, in exposed adults to MF1 and MF2 respectively, compared with 95 % in control. Data reported that exposure of adults to selected magnetic fields; MF1 and MF2 reduced the mean number of eggs /female. Percentages were 56% and 48.8% when exposed to high and low power (MF1and MF2) respectively. The results indicated that longevity of exposed females and males were significantly affected compared with control. Longevity of adult males decreased to about half the time when exposed to high powers MF1, the longevity of exposed males to MF1 and MF2 were 6.6 and 9.6 days/ male, respectively but it was 13.3 days/male in control. In females, the longevity decreased after exposure to the higher MF, whereas prorogated after exposure to the lower magnetic levels, the longevities of exposed females to MF1 and MF2 were 12.8 and 16.4 days / female respectively, compared with 15.8 days / female in control. In additions, the effects of exposure to the magnetic fields MF1 and MF2 on some biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed high decreased in levels of some key biochemical such as total proteins, total lipid, Free-amino acid and carbohydrates.