Background: The recent treatment challenges posed by the widespread emergence of pathogenic Multidrug‐Resistant (MDR) bacterial strains are a cause of huge health troubles worldwide. Infections caused by MDR organisms are associated with longer period of hospitalization, increased mortality, and inflated healthcare costs. Staphylococcus aureus is one of these MDR organisms identified as an urgent threat to human health by the World Health Organization. Infections caused by S. aureus may range from simple cutaneous infestations to life threatening bacteremia. S. aureus infections get easily escalated in severely ill, hospitalized and or immunocompromised patients with incapacitated immune system. Also, in HIV-positive patients S. aureus ranks amongst one of the most common comorbidities where it can further worsen a patient’s health condition. At present anti-staphylococcal therapy is reliant typically on chemotherapeutics that are gathering resistance and pose unfavorable side-effects. Thus, newer drugs are required that can bridge these shortcomings and aid effective control against S. aureus. Objective: In this review, we summarize drug resistance exhibited by S. aureus and lacunae in current anti-staphylococcal therapy, nanoparticles as an alternative therapeutic modality. The focus lays on various green synthesized nanoparticles, their mode of action and application as potent antibacterial compounds against S. aureus. Conclusion: Use of nanoparticles as anti-bacterial drugs has gained momentum in recent past and green synthesized nanoparticles, which involves microorganisms and plants or their byproducts for synthesis of nanoparticles offer a potent, as well as environment friendly solution in warfare against MDR bacte.

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are becoming a common health issue throughout the world. Medicines that have been used to treat infections caused by these organisms are becoming obsolete due to the emergence of drug resistance at an alarming rate. Recently, the use of green synthesized nanoparticles has been gaining momentum as an alternative approach to combating microbial infections, since traditional methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involve the use of toxic chemicals and the formation of harmful by-products. In this study, an aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris is used for the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (AgONPs). The formation of AgONPs is confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 200-400 nm. X-ray analysis of AgONPs shows crystallite size of the particles to be 36.9 nm. Scanning electron microscopic image shows the synthesized AgONPs are seemed to be spherical and oval in morphology with an average size of 55-182 nm, whereas FTIR spectroscopy of AgONPs reveal the presence of functional group. Finally, AgONPs are tested to be effective against S. aureus and k. Pneumoniae.

An eco‐friendly green route for synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) by Prunella vulgaris flower aqueous extract is reported. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles are characterized in terms crystalline nature, morphology, structural, and antibacterial activity with UV‐vis, SEM, DLS, FTIR analysis tools. The synthesized CuONPs are well crystalline in nature with particle shape spherical and average particle size in the range 41–76 nm. The antimicrobial activity of CuONPs, determined by disk diffusion method against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, demonstrates a significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus followed by K. pneumoniae. In view of the promising activity, CuONPs can be used as an antibacterial agent. The possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CuONPs should be further investigated.