Extracts of the rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa exhibited antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC 50 values of 3-5 g/mL. A phenyloxanthrone, named 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone (1) and an anthraquinoneanthrone dimer, chryslandicin 10-methyl ether (2), were isolated from the rhizomes, along with known quinones, including the rare phenylanthraquinone dimers, joziknipholones A and B. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data. This is the second report on the occurrence of the dimeric phenylanthraquinones in nature. In an in vitro antiplasmodial assay of the isolated compounds, activity was observed for phenylanthraquinones, anthraquinone-anthrone dimers and dimeric phenylanthraquinones, with joziknipholone A being the most active. The new compound, 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone, also showed anti-plasmodial activity. In an in vivo assay, knipholone anthrone displayed marginal antimalarial activity.
Background Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis (PVT) is rare but life threatening condition which requires urgent intervention. Patient treatment outcome is not well studied in resource limited settings and the current study aims to explore the treatment outcome of patients with PVT at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia. Methods The study was conducted at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia which provides heart valve surgery. All patients who were diagnosed and managed for PVT in the center during the period July 2017 to March 2022 were included in the study. Data were collected through chart abstraction by using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 for windows software. Result Eleven patients (13 episodes of stuck valve) with PVT were included in the study and nine of them were female. The median age was 28 years old (IQR 22.5–34.0) with the youngest and oldest patients being 18 and 46 years old respectively. All the patients had bi-leaflet prosthetic mechanical valves (10 at mitral valve, two at aortic and mitral and one at aortic positions). The median duration of valve replacement before having PVT was 36 months (IQR 5–72). All patients reported good adherence to anticoagulant therapy; yet only five had optimal INR value. Nine patients presented with failure symptoms. Eleven patients received thrombolytic therapy and nine of them responded to it. One patient operated for failed thrombolytic therapy. Two patients responded to heparinization and optimization of anticoagulant therapy. Of the ten patients who received streptokinase, two of them developed fever and one patient developed bleeding as a complication of the treatment. All the patients survived hospital discharge. Conclusion Prosthetic valve thrombosis was accompanied by sub-optimal anticoagulant therapy. Most patients responded to medical therapy alone.
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