Ammonia is a critical hazardous nitrogen metabolic product in aquaculture. Despite trials for its control, ammonia intoxication remains one of the most critical issues to overcome. In this study, we explored the modulatory effect and potential mechanism by which Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) can ameliorate ammonia intoxication-induced adverse effects on tilapia health and metabolism. A total number of 120 Nile tilapia were evenly assigned into four groups with three replicates each. The first group served as normal control group; the second group was exposed to ammonia alone from the beginning of the experiment and for four weeks. The third group was supplied with YSE in water at a dose of 8 mg/L and exposed to ammonia. The fourth group was supplied with YSE only in water at a dose of 8 mg/L. YSE supplementation succeeded in improving water quality by reducing pH and ammonia levels. Moreover, YSE supplementation markedly alleviated chronic ammonia-induced adverse impacts on fish growth by increasing the final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake and protein efficiency ratio (PER) while reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) via improvements in food intake, elevation of hepatic insulin-like growth factor (ILGF-1) and suppression of myostatin (MSTN) expression levels with the restoration of lipid reserves and the activation of lipogenic potential in adipose tissue as demonstrated by changes in the circulating metabolite levels. In addition, the levels of hepato-renal injury biomarkers were restored, hepatic lipid peroxidation was inhibited and the levels of hepatic antioxidant biomarkers were enhanced. Therefore, the current study suggests that YSE supplementation exerted an ameliorative role against chronic ammonia-induced oxidative stress and toxic effects due to its free radical-scavenging potential, potent antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects.
The present study investigated influence of Yucca schidigera extract (Ys E) on the growth performance, hepato‐renal function, antioxidative status and histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to hypoxia stress. 120 Nile tilapia fish (42.39 ± 1.25 g) were distributed into four equal groups, where group (a) kept as a control group, group (b) supplied with YsE (8 mg/L water every 2 days), group (c) exposed to hypoxia after 2 weeks from the start of the experiment and group (d) provided with YsE for 2 weeks and then exposed to hypoxia. The treatments were conducted for 30 days. The results showed that the level of DO was significantly decreased (2.2 ± 0.61) in groups of fish exposed to hypoxia when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Notably, the pre‐supplementation with YsE to hypoxic stressed fish positively affected the WG, SGR, FCR and PER, relieved stress picture of leukogram, reduced the elevated hepatic marker enzymes: ALT, AST and LDH. Furthermore, hypoxic fish pre‐treated with YsE succeeded to decline the increased urea, glucose levels and the elevated serum amlyase and lipase enzyme activities. In addition to improving total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL‐C and HDL‐C declined levels compared to hypoxic fish. Meanwhile hypoxia‐stressed fish exhibited significantly enhanced hepatic GPX, SOD and GSH and inhibited hepatic MDA content compared to fish supplied with YsE then exposed to hypoxia. Fish group pre‐supplemented with YsE then exposed to hypoxic stress condition was protected against the pathological changes of the liver, spleen, brain and gills tissues induced by hypoxic stress condition. These results suggest that YsE could exert a beneficial effect against hypoxia‐induced oxidative stress.
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