Wheat is one of the world's foremost crops where its production is growing yearly. However, the emerged virulent stripe rust races at one point of the world spread to the rest of wheat producing countries by wind as well as human travels and damaged popular resistant wheat cultivars thereby posed food insecurity. This study was carried out with the aim to identify possible sources of stripe rust resistance among Ethiopian bread wheat pipelines for durable resistance breeding. Twenty-eight advanced bread wheat pipelines, local susceptible and resistant check cultivars Kubsa and Wane respectively were field tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two stripe rust hot-spot locations for their slow rusting characteristics. Slow rusting resistance at the adult-plant stage was assessed through the determination of final rust severity (FRS), average coefficient of infection (ACI), and relative area under disease progressive curve (rAUDPC). Among the twenty-eight, 24, 2 and 2 genotypes displayed high, moderate and low level of slow rusting over two locations respectively. The results revealed that wheat lines,
Mung bean is one of the major early maturing pulse crop grown all over the world including Ethiopia. The production of the crop in Ethiopia, however, suffers from many diseases caused by bacteria. The study aims to assess the intensity and identify the major foliar bacterial and fungal pathogens of the crop. Purposively, 3 districts and randomly 90 mung bean fields were surveyed during the study period. Pathogenicity test, macroscopic and microscopic observations and biochemical tests were used for identification. Symptomatic of 33 diseased bacterial samples were initially isolated and purified on nutrient agar. Bacterial brown spot was found as important foliar devastating identified diseases, even if its distribution varied among localities. Water soaked, small, circular, brown lesions surrounded by yellow zones were observed in all bacterial brown spot isolates after 8 days of inoculation. Based on cultural and biochemical characteristics, bacterial isolates were identified as grams negative phytopathogenic bacteria called Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae. However, further characterization of both isolates and phenotypic characteristics of a large population of newly emerged P. syringae pv. Syringae from various host plants should capture the research attention. This is the first report on the occurrence of such disease in Ethiopia.
Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops on which an ever-increasing population is dependent for food globally. However, constraints associated with infectious diseases, notably brown spot transmitted by seed and wind reduced its production and productivity. This study was, therefore, conducted with the aim of morphological characterization of Bipolaris oryzae, the causal pathogen of brown spot isolates and screening its resistant Lowland rice pipelines under natural infestation rain-fed conditions in Fogera plains of Amhara region, Ethiopia. Twenty-nine Bipolaris oryzae isolates were collected from Dera, Fogera, and Libokemkem districts and characterized morphologically at the Ambo Agricultural Research Center plant pathology laboratory. These isolates were grouped into nine categories on their colony morphology and growth pattern. Fast, moderate and slow mycelial growth habits were also observed in 29 isolates with varied conidia size and sporulation rates. All tested genotypes and isolates were clustered into four groups and strong correlations were observed between various parameters. However, it is advised to identify inherent resistance genes of the above lines in combination with the pathogen genetic characteristics for fruitful management recommendations.
Contribution/Originality: This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated the sources of resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in improved durum wheat (Triticum turgidum l.) varieties of Ethiopia. 1. INTRODUCTION Wheat is the most important food grain for billions of people worldwide, being cultivated on 17% of the world cultivated land [1]. It covers around 30% of global grain production and 44% of cereals used as food [2]. Of the wheat species, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, 2n=4x=28, AABB) is the second most cultivated species after common wheat (Triticum aestivum L, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) [3]. It represents 12% of the total global
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